Mammary glands, inflammation

MILK QUALITY EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF COW MAMMARY GLAND INFLAMMATION USING NIR SPECTRA TO MEASURE SCC IN COMPOSITE MILK... 

In sheep wdth mastitis, a chronic inflammation of the mammary gland, and concurrent scrapie, prion infection is present in FDCs and macrophages in lymphoid follicles that develop adjacent to mammary ducts (Ligios et ah, 2005). Although, there are no accounts of prion shedding from colostrum in scrapie-infected sheep without mastitis, macrophages can be shed into the milk of sheep with mastitis. Secretion of the scrapie-infected macrophages in colostrum of sheep with mastitis could potentially play a role in vertical transmission of scrapie since the route of spread from ewe to lamb has not been determined. 

Bovine mastitis is the single most costly disease affecting the dairy industry. Annual economic losses due to mastitis is approximately 185 per dairy animal. This amounts to approximately 1.7 billion annually for the entire U.S. market or —10% of total milk sales, with about two-thirds of this loss is due to reduced milk production from infected cows [85-87]. Mastitis is a bacterial infection of the mammary gland that causes inflammation and is always a potentially... 

At the lower pH of milk, the ratio between milk and plasma for weak organic bases (such as antibiotics erythromycin and tylosin) is >1, while for organic acids (benzylpenicillin, sulfadimethoxin) it is < 1. For example, during mammary gland tissue inflammation (mastitis), the pH of milk increases and this ratio of the organic bases decreases. Specific examples are given in Table 12.69. 

In China, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. and other Taraxacum species have been used for more than 1100 years in treating breast cancer and other breast problems (inflammation of the mammary glands, lack of milk flow, etc.), liver diseases (e.g., hepatitis), stomach problems, and others (jiangsu ... 

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