Malfunction under static load

Malfunction Under Static Load. Whenever pipes are subjected to excessive stress by static interior pressure to such a degree that they malfunction, the attained stress level is closely related to the quality of the pipe in question. The static stress level KS is defined as KS = ajcrs, whereby a stands for the rated stress in the direction of the pipe circumference, while ag constitutes the cracking resistance of the pipe material. The pipe quality— one measure for it is the defect magnitude in the pipe section—is described by the nondimension al crack characteristic... 

Non-biodegradable implants, such as silicones, ceramics, titanium, steel, carbons, polyesters and the like, are meant to stay in the body for fife. Their role is often to support or enhance endurance under high static or cyclic load-ing/unloading or other repetitive expansive/contractive motions. However, some implants need to be removed after they have rectified a malfunction or disorder in bodily functions. Historically, there exists a lot of evidence supporting the use of implantable materials in the body however, their systematic use really took off from the late 1800s, when aseptic without microorganisms techniques were adopted as standard practice (Encyclopaedia, 2007). In the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, the use of metals... 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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