Magnetoresistant

Special applications, such as in high-magnetic fields, require special thermometers. The carbon-glass and strontium-titinate resistance thermometers have the least magnetoresistance effects. 

Metallic multilayers. In Section 7.4, we have met the recent discovery of multilayers of two kinds of metal, or of a metal and a non-metal, that exhibit the phenomenon of giant magnetoresistance. This discovery is one reason why the preparation and exploitation of such multilayers have recently grown into a major research field. 

Key Words—Carbon nanotubes, scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, magnetoresistance, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility. 

Song et al. [16] reported results relative to a four-point resistivity measurement on a large bundle of carbon nanotubes (60 um diameter and 350 tm in length between the two potential contacts). They explained their resistivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall effect results in terms of a conductor that could be modeled as a semimetal. Figures 4 (a) and (b) show the magnetic field dependence they observed on the high- and low-temperature MR, respectively. 

Fig. 6. The magnetic field dependence of the magnetoresistance at different temperature for the same microbundle measured in Fig. 5 (after Langer et aL[ 9 ).

The same k p scheme has been extended to the study of transport properties of CNTs. The conductivity calculated in the Boltzmann transport theory has shown a large positive magnetoresistance [18], This positive magnetoresistance has been confirmed by full quantum mechanical calculations in the case that the mean free path is much larger than the circumference length [19]. When the mean free path is short, the transport is reduced to that in a 2D graphite, which has also interesting characteristic features [20]. 

We will discuss below the reeent experimental observations relative to the eleetrieal resistivity and magnetoresistance of individual and bundles of MWCNTs. It is interesting to note however that the ideal transport experiment, i.e., a measurement on a well eharacterised SWCNT at the atomic scale, though this is nowadays within reaeh. Nonetheless, with time the measurements performed tended gradually eloser to these ideal eonditions. Indeed, in order to interpret quantitatively the eleetronie properties of CNTs, one must eombine theoretieal studies with the synthesis of well defined samples, which structural parameters have been precisely determined, and direet electrical measurements on the same sample. 

---