Magnetic susceptibility defined

In isotropic media such as liquids, solutions, and gases, what is measured is the mean molar magnetic-susceptibility, defined as... 

P2.5 - Evaluate from (2.2.5) the numerical value of the magnetic susceptibility (defined as X = t oMo/Bo, where /u-o = 4 r x 10 T.m.A is the permeability of free space) of protons in water at room temperature. Compare with the corresponding value for free unpaired electrons with the same concentration and under the same conditions. Compare also with typical values of magnetic susceptibility in diamagnetic materials (see, for example, [1,7]). 

The magnetic susceptibility of a material (%, volume susceptibility) is dimensionless and is defined as the ratio of induced magnetization to magnetic field intensity. It is expressed as... 

Recently QCD vacuum magnetic susceptibility was calculated and is defined as ... 

A further report dealt with the synthesis, variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, and crystal structure determination at various temperatures (115, 136, 140, 150 and 231 K space group P-1) of [Fe(isoxa-zole)6][Fe(isoxazole)4(H20)2](BF4)4 [73]. The molecular structure of this well-defined double salt consists of two mononuclear Fe(II) dications,... 

Since antiaromaticity is related to aromaticity, it should be defined by many of the same criteria (31). That is, antiaromatic species should be less stable in comparison to a localized reference system, should demonstrate paratropic shifts in the H NMR spectrum, should have positive NICS values, and positive values of magnetic susceptibility exaltation, A. While the presence of enhanced bond length alternation has been considered as evidence of antiaromaticity (31), the deformation of square cyclobutadiene to rectangular cyclobutadiene to reduce its antiaromaticity suggests that the lack of bond length alternation is also a characteristic of antiaromatic compounds. 

When a substance is placed in a magnetic field H, it develops a certain amount of magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) M given by M = yH, where y is the magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic induction B is defined as... 

Analogous quantities to die electric moments can be defined when the external perturbation takes the form of a magnetic field. In this instance die first derivative defines the permanent magnetic moment (always zero for non-degenerate electronic states), the second derivative the magnetizability or magnetic susceptibility, etc. 

The magnetic susceptibility is thus a temperature-dependent property of a bulk substance. It is meaningless to specify the susceptibility of a single molecule or complex ion. For convenience, inorganic chemists prefer to answer the question How paramagnetic is this substance in terms of the magnetic moment peff defined by the relation ... 

The magnetic susceptibility exaltations (A, defined as a difference between the magnetic susceptibility of a given system and a reference one, without cyclic delocalization) are also based on Equation (1). Systems with strongly negative values of A are qualified as aromatic. 

The magnetic susceptibility exaltations (A, defined as a difference between the magnetic susceptibility of a given ... 

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