Magnetic susceptibility amorphous materials

Intense research has in recent years been devoted to noncrystalline materials. It was discovered also that the majority of semiconducting boron-rich borides display several properties that resemble those of the noncrystalline solids. Among the amorphous properties are the temperature and field dependencies of electrical conductivity at low temperature, the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity at high temperatures, and the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility. In addition, the boron-rich semiconductors display crystalline properties, for example, the temperature dependence of the thermal condnctivity at low temperatures, the lattice absorption spectra and the possibility to change... 

The magnetic susceptibility was first measured as a function of protonation for the Class I family of materials [12]. Results showed a quasi-linear increase in Pauli susceptibility, which led to the proposal of the formation of metalHc islands of the emeraldine salt in the emeraldine base form with protonation. X-ray diffraction studies of the ES-I series, as a function of protonation, gives a quasi-linear increase in the crystalline salt fraction with protonation, supporting the formation of crystalline metallic islands with increasing protonation level. Electron spin resonance studies of the Class II materials, as a function of protonation level, show a dramatically different behavior [20]. Initial protonation of the base EB-II leads to a spinless material, until compositions are achieved, such that essentially all of the amorphous regions are fully doped. At that point, there is an increase in the Pauli susceptibility, corresponding to the formation of crystalline ES-II (Fig. 7). Preliminary studies show that the Pauli susceptibility is essentially the same for the ES- and ES-II structures. 

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