Magnetic properties vanadium

Vanadium—Cobalt-Iron Alloys. V—Co—Fe permanent-magnet alloys also are ductile. A common commercial ahoy, Vicahoy I, has a nominal composition 10 wt % V, 52 wt % Co, and 38 wt % Fe (Table 10). Hard magnetic properties are developed by quenching from 1200°C for conversion to bcc a-phase foUowed by aging at 600°C (precipitation of fee y-phase). The resulting properties are isotropic, with ca kJ/m ... 

The electronic and magnetic properties of vanadium tetramethoxide are consistent with a trimeric structure involving six-coordinate vanadium atoms, while the electronic spectrum of deep blue V(OBu )4 is consistent with a slightly distorted monomeric, tetrahedral structure.181... 

VO(OR)3 — the alkoxides of vanadyl (V) or otherwise the esters of vanad-ic acid — belong to the most easily available derivatives and can be easily purified by distillation under low vacuum. The synthesis of these derivatives — from ethoxide to t-amyloxide—via alcoholysis of V2Os was first described at the beginning ofthe twentieth century by Prandtl and Hess [1313,743], The same work contained the first description ofthe hydrolysis of VO(OR)3, which laid basis for the numerous studies of the processes of formation of sols and gels of vanadic acid. The studies of the low-valent derivatives of vanadium that are very sensitive to oxidation were started in the 1960s by the works of Bradley on V(OR)4 and V(OR)3 [226]. The preparation, structure, and magnetic properties of vanadium(II) alkoxides were investigated only quite recently. 

Interest in the interpretation of the spectral and magnetic properties of oxo-vanadium(iv) complexes has grown as it has become apparent that the general assumption of overall C4 symmetry for these complexes is unjustified. Bis-(2-methyl-8-quinolato)oxovanadium(iv), VO(quin)2,395 and bis(tetramethylurea)dichloro-oxo-vanadium(iv), VO(tmu)2Cl2,396 for example, have been found to be five-co-ordinate with a trigonal-bipyramidal co-ordination polyhedron about the vanadium atom. A crystal-field model has been developed which gives a good account of the electronic and e.p.r. spectra of VO(quin)2. 

Macfarlane, R. M. (1964) Optical and magnetic properties of bivalent vanadium complexes. J. Chem. Phys., 40, 373-7. 

Electric and Magnetic Properties of the Tungsten and Vanadium Bronzes... 

Because of the interest in the nature of vanadium porphyrins occurring in petroleum and coal, there have been many studies on the syntheses of these complexes, their magnetic properties, and ESR spectra and structures. 

Costes, J.P., Dahan, R, Donnadieu, B. et al. (2001) Versatility of the nature of the magnetic gadolinium(III) -vanadium(IV) interaction - structure and magnetic properties of two heterobinuclear [Gd, V(0)] complexes. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 363-365. 

Steel can be further improved by the addition of other elements to make alloys. Nickel and chromium are used to make stainless steel. Molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, titanium and other elements may be added to improve hardness, strength, or magnetic properties. 

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