Magnetic interactions with atoms

Because the neutron has a magnetic moment, it has a similar interaction with the clouds of impaired d or f electrons in magnetic ions and this interaction is important in studies of magnetic materials. The magnetic analogue of the atomic scattering factor is also tabulated in the International Tables [3]. Neutrons also have direct interactions with atomic nuclei, whose mass is concentrated in a volume whose radius is of the order of... 

The broad, featureless nature of the Si NMR signal is likely due to one of three phenomena that are well-known to cause such effects in NMR spectroscopy a multiplicity of chemical and physical environments about the silicon atoms restricted segmental motion in polycyclic or cage-like molecules or ne broadening due to ySi magnetic interactions with the numerous N quadrupoles. 

In commercial zeolites the proton relaxation of adsorbed molecules is controlled by magnetic interaction with paramagnetic impurities (Fe8+) of the zeolite lattice (9). The relaxation rate 1/Ti is proportional to the number of these paramagnetic centers. If the lattice is covered with diamagnetic metal atoms, this interaction should be reduced according to the amount and dispersity of the metal. 

The hydrogen atom is the simplest one in existence, and the only one for which essentially exact theoretical calculations can be made on the basis of the fairly well confirmed Coulomb law of interaction and the Dirac equation for the electron. Such refinements as the motion of the proton and the magnetic interaction with the spin of the proton are taken into account in rather approximate fashion. Nevertheless, the experimental situation at present is such that the observed spectrum of the hydrogen atom does not provide a very critical test either of the theory or of the Coulomb law of interaction between point charges. A critical test would be obtained from a measurement of the fine structure of the n = 2 quantum state. 

In analogy to the field-free problem, the "Stark CCR" and the "Floquet CCR" methods have serious limitations with respect to the MEP. The way out was proposed in the late 1980s, when ideas and the general methodology of the SSA for the field-free resonances that solves state-specific CESEs were adapted so as to achieve the nonperturbative solution of problems of interaction of strong dc-and ac- electric fields and static magnetic fields with atomic (molecular) ground or excited states in terms of non-Hermifian formulafions, e.g.. Refs. [103,179-190]. 

Scattering is by magnetic interactions with the unpaired electrons in magnetic atoms. 

Since the free electrons are attached to molecules, they will sense not only the presence of the applied external magnetic field but will show magnetic interactions with nuclei of surrounding atoms which have a magnetic moment. These interactions give rise to the splitting that can be used to identify particular radicals. Equation (6.3) is accordingly transformed into... 

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