Magnetic field orientation

Magnetic field-oriented control - when the field is considered as the reference frame. 

Figure 2.48 The top shows the schematic design of a magneto-hydrodynamic mixer with equally spaced electrodes arranged In a micro channel and an external magnetic field oriented along the z-axis. On the bottom theoretical results for the evolution of two parallel liquid lamellae as a function of dimensionless time are shown [146].

With the magnetic field oriented along the x-axis, the Hamiltonian is ... 

Consider a coordinate system in which the orientation of the paramagnetic species is defined by the orthogonal axes and H is a vector as described in Fig. 11. The sphere has unit area and every orientation or point on the sphere is equally probable. Now the number of radicals with a magnetic field orientation between 0 and 0 + A0 and between and + A is given by the solid angle Afi where... 

Figure 1.34 Experimental setup showingthe nickel nanowires in a (A) horizontal and (B) vertical position depending on the magnetic field orientation. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [171]. 2006 American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 1 Typical design of an icr cell used in kinetic experiments. The cell is placed inside a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the side plates...

Fig. 33. Dependence of the rhodamine sensitized delayed fluorescence in anthracene on the magnetic field oriented parallel to the 001 surface of anthracene. (2 x 10-7 M rhodamine and 10 1 NaHSC>3 in aqueous solution) 9°)...

Figure 1.5 Parabola mass spectrograph constructed bylJ. Thomson (1910) with a discharge tube as ion source, a superimposed electrical field and a magnetic field oriented parallel to it for ion separation, and a photoplate for ion detection. (H. Kienitz (ed.), Massenspektrometrie (1968), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. Reproduced by permission of Wiley-VCH.)...

Curie s equation applies to gases, solutions, and some crystals. For other crystals a more general equation, the Weiss equation, may be used (derived by P. Weiss in 1907). Weiss assumed that the local magnetic field orienting the dipoles is equal to the applied field plus an added field proportional to the magnetic volume polarization M ... 

In almost all cases the admixture of excited states is anisotropic that is, the observed g value varies according to the orientation of the paramagnetic species in relation to the applied magnetic field (orientation-dependent). The g-factor anisotropy is characterized by three principal g values, namely, gxx, gyy, and g--. When these three values are different, the symmetry is defined as rhombic and in the case of axial symmetry, gxx = gyy gzz. In the orientation-independent (isotropic) situation the g factor is represented by a single value. This is also true if the species paramagnetic is in a solution of low viscosity (water) where the molecular tumbling causes all the g factor anisotropy to be averaged out (Knowles et al., 1976 Campbell and Dwek, 1984). 

Figure 7. FC and ZFC magnetization as function of temperature for different magnetic-field orientations.

FIGURE 6.10.1 Parallelepiped geometry for current and/or for entropy flux along the x— and or y—directions in a magnetic field oriented along the z-direction. 

Fig. 10. Dependence of the steady-state dipolar splitting upon the polymer concentration. 1, PELG in CH2CI2 (+, equal proportions of PELG and PEDG) 2, PELG in CH2Br2. The full lines are for the magnetic-field orientation and the broken lines for the electric-field orientation. The d ree of polymerization of the polypeptides is approximately 1500...

No change in the splitting is observed when tire NMR sample tube is rotated by 180° after the steady-state separation is reached, indicating that the magnetic-field orientation is caused by the induced (magnetic) dipoles of the polymer molecules in contrast to the electric-field orientation in high dielectric solvent... 

Here g and gjL are the electronic g factors for the magnetic field, respectively parallel and perpendicular to the symmetry axis, A is now the isotropic hyperfine interaction constant, and B is the anisotropic hyperfine interaction constant. The dependence on magnetic field orientation is given by the function (3 cos —1), where Oh is the angle between the magnetic field and the symmetry axis. 

One unit on the ordinate scale of the dashed curve equals 7.56 units on the ordinate scale of the solid curve.) The strong positive peak in the derivative curve corresponds to the magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the symmetry axis, while the weak negative peak corresponds to the magnetic field oriented parallel to the symmetry axis. 

Figure 2. Electrical resistances Rab (a) and Rac (b) of the channels AB and AC of three-arm nanostructure measured at temperature of 4.2 K as a function of magnetic field oriented along arm A, swept in two opposite directions. The magnitude of remnant resistance is marked.

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