Magnetic dipole splitting, Mossbauer spectroscopy

We have learned from the preceding chapters that the chemical and physical state of a Mossbauer atom in any kind of solid material can be characterized by way of the hyperfine interactions which manifest themselves in the Mossbauer spectrum by the isomer shift and, where relevant, electric quadrupole and/or magnetic dipole splitting of the resonance lines. On the basis of all the parameters obtainable from a Mossbauer spectrum, it is, in most cases, possible to identify unambiguously one or more chemical species of a given Mossbauer atom occurring in the same material. This - usually called phase analysis by Mossbauer spectroscopy - is nondestructive and widely used in various kinds of physicochemical smdies, for example, the studies of... 

Mossbauer spectroscopy senses the hyperfine interactions, which are present at the nucleus of the Mossbauer isotope. The electrical monopole interaction causes the isomer shift and the electric quadrupole interaction leads to the quadrupole splitting, which in the case of Fe causes a two-line Mossbauer pattern. The magnetic dipole interaction leads to a magnetically split six-line pattern (Figure 4). In the following text, these interactions and their deduction from Mossbauer spectra will be discussed. 

Since the di,scovery more than 40 years ago, Mossbauer spectroscopy has become an extremely powerful analytical tool for the investigation of various types of materials. In most cases, only two parameters are needed, viz. the isomer shift and the quadrupole splitting, to identify a specific sample. In case of magnetically ordered materials, the magnetic dipole interaction is a further helpful parameter for characterization. In the following... 

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