Magnetic bottle time-of-flight

The experiments were carried out in a high vacuum chamber where a beam of atomic potassium K (4s) intersects perpendicularly with the femtosecond laser pulses leading to photoionization. The released photoelectrons are detected employing a magnetic bottle time-of-flight electron spectrometer. The 785 nm, 30 fs FWHM laser pulses provided by an amplified 1 kHz Ti sapphire laser system are split into two beams using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the first experiment the time delay r is varied in a range of 80 to 100 fs with 0.2 fs resolution at a... 

A commonly used analyzer in TRPES experiments has been the magnetic bottle time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer [118-120], This technique uses a... 

The structure of this chapter is as follows. First, a brief review of the characteristics of direct double ionization of atoms is presented as a background to the recent results on indirect processes and on molecules. Second, the new experimental methods based on threshold electron detection and on the magnetic bottle time of flight (TOF) technique are described. The main body of the chapter then presents representative results on selected atoms and molecules. Finally the relevance of the experimental findings to the characterization of electron correlation is discussed qualitatively. 

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