Macropores applications

Liquid phase applications account for nearly 80% of the total use of activated carbon. Activated carbon used in liquid phase applications typically have a high fraction of pores in the macropore (>50nm) range. This is to permit the liquid phase molecules to diffuse more rapidly into the rest of the pore structure [15]. 

Toyopearl HW size exclusion chromatography resins are macroporous packings for bioprocessing chromatography. They are applicable for process-scale... 

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as GPC and GFC) has become a very well accepted separation method since its introduction in the late-1950s by works of Porath and Flodin (1) and Moore (2). Polymers Standards Service (PSS) packings for SEC/SEC columns share this long-standing tradition as universal and stable sorbents for all types of polymer applications. In general, PSS SEC columns are filled with spherical, macroporous cross-linked, pressure-stable, and pH-resistant polymeric gels. 

Clearly the application of macroreticular (macroporous) ion exchange resins will be often advantageous in the separation of organic species. 

Svec, E (2004a). Preparation and HPLC applications of rigid macroporous organic polymer monoliths. J. Sep. Sci. 27, 747-766. 

Materials with uniform pore structures offer a wide range of applications, including catalysis, adsorption, and separation. These materials have the benefit ofboth specific pore systems and intrinsic chemical properties [1-3]. The pores in the materials are able to host guest species and provide a pathway for molecule transportation. The skeletal pore walls provide an active and/or affinity surface to associate with guest molecules. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), porous materials can be classified into three main categories based on the diameters of their pores, that is, microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous... 

Macroporous materials with various shapes such as particles, tubes, rods, fibers, membranes, and 3DOM have been designed to cater for different applications. Three... 

Macroporous substrates with interconnected voids can be used as platforms for biomacromolecule separation and enzyme immobilization. These assemblies are likely to find application in biocatalysis and bioassays. The inorganic framework can provide a robust substrate, while their large and abundant pores allow the transportation of biomolecules. The availability of various morphologies for macroporous materials provides another level of control over the function of the hybrids. 

Pores are classified into two types open pores, which connect to the outside of the material, and the closed pores, which are totally within the material. Penetrating pores are kind of open pores these have at least two openings located on two sides of a porous material. Penetrating pores are permeable for fluid, and therefore are important in applications such as filters. Many porous materials have been used in many applications. They are classified by many different criteria such as pore size, pore shape, materials and production methods. Classification by pore size and by pore shape is useful while considering the applications of porous materials. The classification of porous materials by pore size (according to Schaefer30) differentiates between microporous pores (pore diameter < 2 nm), mesoporous pores (2 nm < pore diameter <50 nm) and macroporous pores (pore diameter > 50 nm). 

Note that during macropore formation in p-type silicon electrodes the pore tip current density is usually well below JPS, and so Eqs. (9.1) to (9.5) are not applicable to p-type macropore formation [Le21]. 

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