Macrophages and T helper cells

Figure 1.9. Interactions between macrophages and T helper cells. Stimulation of T helper cells results in the secretion of yinterferon, which then stimulates macrophages. The y interferon-stimulated macrophages then secrete Interleukin-1, which stimulates the T helper cells to secrete more yinterferon. Thus, a cytokine loop develops.

The effects of marijuana on immune function have been reviewed (122). The studies suggest that marijuana affects immune cell function of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. In addition, cannabis appears to modulate host resistance, especially the secondary immune response to various infectious agents, both viral and bacterial. Lastly, marijuana may also affect the cytokine network, influencing the production and function of acute-phase and immune cytokines and modulating network cells, such as macrophages and T helper cells. Under some conditions, marijuana may be immunomodulatory and promote disease. 

Neurohormones like ACTH and a-MSH have been located in the amacrine cells of the IPL.121 The first 24 amino acids of ACTH are phylogenetically well preserved and responsible for its biological activity. ACTH plays a role in the restoration of neuronal function after CNS lesions122 and has receptors widely distributed throughout the brain. Since it can inhibit IFN-y production of macrophages and T-helper cells, it could possibly inhibit phagocytosis by microglia. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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