Macromolecular range

Molecular Range Macromolecular Range Microparticle Range... 

For a number of properties in this group, including density, specific heat capacity, refractive index, etc., X attains its limiting value Xx already at molar mass below the real macromolecular range. For these properties the configuration of the structural unit alone is the preponderant factor determining the property. 

Reference values are available for many substances, but the one available for a wide variety of tissues is sucrose (4). In the macromolecular range (> 3 kDa), albumin values are available in the literature and the exponent is similar. 

We introduce the term nanosponge for the IHPS species, since it refers to the macromolecular range of about 10—20 nm of the species sizes it is also associated with the low density and porosity of the material, its ability to readily incorporate large amounts of any liquid, as well as the rigidity of the species, both in dry and in swollen state. 

By the end of the 1920 s Staudinger s efforts to prove the macromolecular concept by chemical reactions with polymers and by improved x-ray stodies on < llulose, silk rubber and chitin, by systematic measurements with the ultracentrihige and, perhaps most of all by the brilliant synthetic work of W.H. Carothers in the laboratories of the DuPont company, he succeeded in preparing polyesters and polyamides in the macromolecular range and determined their molecular weight by exact and reprodudble end group analysis. 

A model for coal fluidity based on a macromolecular network pyrolysis model has been developed (33). In that model, bond breaking is described as a first-order reaction having a range of activation energies. A variety of lattices have also been used to describe the bonding in coal. In turn these stmctures... 

It appears that the values obtained with models are in the same range as those resulting from polyesterification studies. This is evidence of the identity of the reactions which take place in macromolecular and model media. 

Within the class of polymer crystals having, ideally, long-range positional order for all the atoms, different crystalline forms (polymorphs) may arise as a result of having different almost isoenergetic macromolecular conformations (of the main chain, in most known cases) or as a result of different, almost isoenergetic modes of packing of macromolecules with identical conformations [1-3]. 

A disorder of the same kind has been suggested also for the orthorhombic form of s-PS. In fact, in the so-called disordered [V modification the disorder would be in the stacking of ordered macromolecular bilayers and a 3-D long range periodicity would characterize only the mean position and orientation of the phenyl rings [28,29] (Fig. 13). 

Molecular structural changes in polyphosphazenes are achieved mainly by macromolecular substitution reactions rather than by variations in monomer types or monomer ratios (1-4). The method makes use of a reactive macromolecular intermediate, poly(dichlorophosphazene) structure (3), that allows the facile replacement of chloro side groups by reactions of this macromolecule with a wide range of chemical reagents. The overall pathway is summarized in Scheme I. 

As for all disordered complex macromolecular materials, polymers can be characterized by a hierarchy of different length and time scales, and these scales span an extremely wide range, as outlined in Fig. 1.1 [15]. The diffusion... 

The Flory principle, whose validity has been verified for a wide range of macromolecular reactions, is a good approximation for the description of the kinetics of many processes of polymer preparation. However, strong experimental evidence for the violation of this principle is currently available from the study of a number of macromolecular reactions. Possible reasons for such a violation may be connected with either short-range or long-range effects. 

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