Lyotropic series

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. Hydrophobic interactions of solutes with a stationary phase result in thek adsorption on neutral or mildly hydrophobic stationary phases. The solutes are adsorbed at a high salt concentration, and then desorbed in order of increasing surface hydrophobicity, in a decreasing kosmotrope gradient. This characteristic follows the order of the lyotropic series for the anions ... 

Protein conformation is also markedly affected by the concentration and type of ionic species present. In solution, individual salt effects can be either stabilizing or denaturing [26,27], These effects correspond to the Hofmeister lyotropic series ... 

We have examined a number of different salts and have shown that the transition temperature can almost be altered at will (12), in many cases in line with the Hofmeister or lyotropic series (13-15J, a relationship found for many other aqueous systems such as hydrocarbon solubility and protein stability. 

Figure 10.1 Lyotropic series effectiveness of hydrophobic interactions [1]...

It may be noted that similar lyotropic series for the anions have been observed at other interfaces in addition to the air-water interface. Beutner s series (see p. 249) for the oil-water interface adsorption is... 

The swelling of gelatine is, as has been noted, a minimum at the isoelectric point and increases on the addition of either acids or bases as well as on the addition of certain salts thus with sodium salts the lyotropic series of decreasing swelling power is... 

Differences in both the charge density and the hydration of ions determine the Hofmeister series (lyotropic series).91... 

Melander, W. and Horvath, C. 1977. Salt effects on hydrophobic interactions in precipitation and chromatography of proteins An interpretation of the lyotropic series. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 183 200-215. 

In considering the differential or selective binding of one anion or another, the intrinsic properties of anions mean that we are not on a level playing field it is considerably easier to bind some anions than others. In general, in the absence of specific chemical recognition between anion and host, anion binding selectivity, particularly in solvent extraction experiments or in the detection of anions by membrane-based ion selective electrodes, follows the order of anion hydrophobicity. This order is termed the Hofmeister series, or lyotropic series and was first outlined in 1888 from experiments based on the... 

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