Lyotropic effects

TABLE 6 Lyotropic Effect of Ions on Hydrophobic Association between Molecules... 

Nature of ions High lyotropic effect Low lyotropic effect... 

Kallay, N., Colic, M., Fuerstenau, D. W., Jang, H. M., and Matijevic, E. (1994). Lyotropic effect in surface charge, electrokinetics, and coagulation of a rutile dispersion. Colloid Polym. Sci. 272, 554-561. 

Lopez-Leon T, Santander-Ortega MJ, Ortega-Vinuesa JL, Bastos-Gonzalez D (2008) Hofmeister effects in colloidal systems influence of the surface namre. J Phys Chem C 112 16060-16069 Lyklema J (2009) Simple Hofmeister series. Chem Phys Lett 467 217-222 Maiti K, Mitra D, Guha S, Moulik AP (2009) Salt effect on self-aggregation of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) physicochemical correlations and assessment in the light of Hofmeister (lyotropic) effect. J Mol Liq 146 44-51 Marcus Y (1997) Ion properties. Dekker, New York... 

The introduction of several refinements was necessary to explain various details. The quantitatieve agreement between theory and experiment, and the deviations from the rule of Schulze and Hardy (lyotropic effects) made it necessary to reckon explicitly with dimensions and the specific adsorbality of the ions. To this end. Stern s theory has been introduced. 

Roughly speaking, we may also state that the differential heat of dilution of a salt for the concentrations at which its lyotropic effect is considered, becomes... 

L. Sallen, P. Sotta, P. Oswald. Pretransitional effects near the hexagonal-micellar phase transition of the CnEOA/HoO lyotropic mixture. J Phys Chem 707 4875-4881, 1997. 

Protein conformation is also markedly affected by the concentration and type of ionic species present. In solution, individual salt effects can be either stabilizing or denaturing [26,27], These effects correspond to the Hofmeister lyotropic series ... 

Figure 10.1 Lyotropic series effectiveness of hydrophobic interactions [1]...

Recently, a promising theoretical treatment was introduced by Ferrarini et al.22 which, in selected cases, leads to the effective calculation of the helical sense and pitch of the induced cholesteric phases.23 Attempts to relate the cholesteric handedness of lyotropic cholesterics to the helical sense of the polymers were first reported by Sato and co-workers.11... 

The same result has been obtained by Lipari and Szabo in their model-free approach.158 The first term in the above equation accounts for the effect of local order on the isotropic rotation through the factor 1 — S2, and the second term is due to the slower fluctuations in the local ordered clusters. This model-free approach has become popular among workers in the area of lyotropics and biomembranes. 

Boy et al. [79] used lyotropic liquid crystals (LC) for the immobilization of HfeHNL. The solid LC phase is not used because of the high viscosity. Therefore, the LC is used in a biphasic system consisting of the LC and an organic solvent. Such biphasic liquid crystal systems consist of organic solvent, water, and surfactant, where poorly soluble substrates and products are dissolved in the organic solvent and the liquid crystal matrix, which contains the enzyme, has a protective effect on it. By optimization and by virtue of the immobilization, it is possible to establish an extractive continuous process [79]. 

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