Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals LCLCs

Stages of the fiber extrusion, (a) The thick cuticle of the funnel (350 xm) (b) the thinner inside duct, that allows surfactants and lubricants into the lumen (40 xm) (c) valve (3(X) jmi) spigot (190 pm). 

We emphasize that these examples represent only the tip of the iceberg. One does not have to be a Nostradamus to foresee that in the near future significant new observations will find analogies between liquid crystal effects and biological phenomena. What thousands of researchers worked out in the area of thermotropic liquid crystals during the search for the ultimate displays, or discoveries just motivated by purely academic curiosity, soon will help us to understand biological processes. 

Kobayashi, H. Hori, Y. Tanaka, Ch. 10 T. Scheffer, Ch. 11, in Handbook of Liquid Crystal Research, Ed. RJ. Collings, J.S. Patel, Oxford University Press, 

Scheffer, J. Nehring, Twisted nematic and supertwisted nematic mode LCDs, in Liquid Crystals—Applications and Uses, Vol. 1, Ch. 10, Ed. B. Bahadur, World Scientific, Singapore (1990), and references therein. 

Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays, Wiley, New York (1999). 

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What is the discotics for the thermotropic liquid crystals that is the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) for the lyotropic materials. LCLC molecules are plank-like rather than rod-like, rigid rather than flexible, aromatic rather than aliphatic. Typical LCLC molecules and their aggregation in... 

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