Lutetium isotope

Holliger P. and Devillers C. (1981) Contribution to study of temperature in Oklo fossil reactors by measurement of lutetium isotopic ratio. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 52(1), 76-84. 

ISOTOPES There are a total of 59 isotopes of Lutetium. Only two of these are stable Lu-175, which makes up 97.41% of all the natural abundance found on Earth. The other is a long-lived radioisotope (Lu-176) with such a long half-life (4.00x10+ ° years) that it is considered stable Lu-176 contributes 2.59% to the natural abundance of lutetium. 

Moseley s work not only shed much fight on the periodic system and the relationships between known elements and the radioactive isotopes, but was also a great stimulus in the search for the few elements remaining undiscovered (11). One of the first chemists to utilize the new method was Professor Georges Urbain of Paris, who took his rare earth preparations to Oxford for examination. Moseley showed him the characteristic fines of erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, and confirmed in a few days the conclusions which Professor Urbain had made after twenty years... 

Lutetium has two naturally occurring isotopes (Table 4.2), one of which, Lu, is radio-... 

To evaluate the volume of a large tank of complex shape the method of isotopic dilution is to be used, in association with a soluble salt of lutetium. This element, which has mass M = 174.97 g/mol 1, has two stable isotopes l75Lu (97.4%) and l76Lu (2.6%). The procedure is as follows ... 

After stirring until the lutetium salt is well mixed, the extraction of a sample of 1 litre of solution is taken from the tank. To this volume of solution is added 20 pg of lutetium hexahydrate trichloride prepared from the pure isotope l76Lu (176LuC13.6H20 has for mass 390.4 g mol-1 l76Lu — 175.94gmol ) is added to this solution. 

C.A. Arrhenius, in 1787, noted an unusual black mineral in a quarry near Ytterby. Sweden, This was identified later as containing yttrium and rare-earth oxides. With the exception of promethium, all members of the Lanthanide Series had been discovered by 1907, when lutetium was isolated. In 1947. scientists at the Atomic Energy Commission at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee) produced atomic number 61 from uranium fission products and named it promethium. No stable isotopes of promethium have been found in the earth s crust. 

Jung, P. and Lasser, R. (1992) Short-range ordering of hydrogen isotopes in lutetium, J. Alloys Compounds 190, 25—29. 

The late veneer hypothesis has gained additional support from the analyses of the osmium isotopic composition of mantle rocks. Meisel et al. (1996) determined the Os/ Os ratios of a suite of mantle xenoliths. Since rhenium is more incompatible during mantle partial melting than osmium, the Re/Os ratio in the mantle residue is lower and in the melt higher than the PM ratio. By extrapolating observed trends of Os/ Os versus AI2O3 and lutetium, two proxies for rhenium, Meisel et al. (1996) determined a Os/ Os ratio of 0.1296 0.0008 for the primitive mantle. This ratio is 2.7% above that of carbonaceous... 

Moreover, they are chemically similar. Both display very limited solubility in water, and differences in chemical behavior are mainly associated with atomic size. Lutetium and hafnium are also refractory elements during nebula condensation, and thus their relative abundance in the Earth are chondritic, however, at the time of writing the value of the bulk Earth Hf/ Hf ratio and the Lu decay constant are being debated (Table 1). Neodymium- and hafnium-isotope ratios in this paper will be expressed as parts per 10 deviations from the bulk Earth values, viz., as s d and sht- Eor example,... 

There are two naturally occurring isotopes of lutetium lutetium-175 and lutetium-176. Isotopes are two or more forms of an element. Isotopes differ from each other according to their mass number. The number written to the right of the element s name is the mass number. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The number of protons determines the element, but the number of neutrons in the atom of any one element can vary. Each variation is an isotope. 

The second of these isotopes, lutetium-176, is radioactive. A radioactive isotope is one that breaks apart and gives off some form of radiation. Some radioactive isotopes occur in nature. Others can be produced by firing very small particles at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive. 

Lutetium-177 was produced by irradiation of isotopically enriched LU2O3 (60.6% in Lu). A stock solution of the enriched target was prepared by dissolving enriched LU2O3 powder in O.IM HCl (at a concentration of 1 mg/... 

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