Lupinine Lycopodine

The saturated system, i.e. quinolizidine (4), is far more important due to the bewildering profusion of quinolizidine alkaloids in nature it has been estimated that 25-30% of all known alkaloids belong to the quinolizidine-indolizidine group. Some examples of alkaloids containing the quinolizidine structure are given below in structures (5)-(10) the simple quinolizidine alkaloids lupinine (5) and nupharidine (6) the Lycopodium alkaloid lycopodine (7) with a hydrojulolidine... 

While for developing of simple piperidine alkaloids, e.g., pelletierine (Punica granatum), piperine (Piper nigrum et longum), and lobeline (Lobelia inflata), only one molecule of lysine is necessary, for quinolizidine alkaloids - e.g., lupinine (Lupinus luteus), sparteine of antiarrhythmic activity (Sarothamnus scoparius), and cytisine of respiratory stimulant effect (Laburnum species) - two molecules of lysines are indispensable. It was also proved that lycopodine (Lycopodium tristachyum, clubmoss) of quinolizidine structure has no polyketide origin, but it is a modified dimer of pelletierine, which, in turn, is derivable from lysine and acetate. 

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