Luminescent ruthenium complex

C.-M. Chan, C.-S. Fung, K.-Y. Wong and W. Lo, Evaluation of a luminescent ruthenium complex immobilized inside Nation as optical pH sensor, Analyst, 1998, 123, 1843-1847. 

Berggren K., Steinberg T. H., Lauber W. M., et al. (1999) A luminescent ruthenium complex for ultrasensitive detection of proteins immobilized on membrane supports. Anal Biochem 276(2), 129 3. 

Berggren, K., et al. (1999). A Luminescent Ruthenium Complex for Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins Immobilized on Membrane Supports, , 4na/. Biochem. 276 129-143. 

T. Hasegawa, T. Yonemura, K. Matsuura, and K. Kobayashi, Tris-bipyridine ruthenium complex-based glyco-clusters Amplified luminescence and enhanced lectin affinities, Tetrahedron Lett., 42 (2001) 3989-3992. 

Dixon IM, Lebon E, Sutra P, Igau A (2009) Luminescent ruthenium-polypyridine complexes phosphorus ligands anything but a simple story. Chem Soc Rev 38 1621-1634... 

Steinkamp [91] for the Luminex microspheres. Recently, Mayr et al. stained magnetic microspheres with luminescent ruthenium(II) metal ligand complexes [92] which were encoded by time resolved imaging in the microsecond domain. 

G. Orellana, M. C. Moreno-Bondi, E. Segovia, M. D. Marazuela, Fiber-optic sensing of carbon dioxide based on excited-state proton transfer to a luminescent ruthenium(II) complex, Anal. Chem. 64, 2210-2215(1992). 

The anthraquinone exhibits a similar redox behavior as benzoquinone. Thus, redox luminescence switch can also be constructed with fluorophore linked to anthraquinone. For example, the luminescence of molecule 22, a ruthenium complex with an appended anthraquinone moiety, can be reversibly tuned through the interconversion between the anthraquinone and the corresponding hydroquinone.32... 

Figure 19-18 Response of "molecular light switch" to immunoglobulin E (IgE). Aptamer concentration is 5 nM and ruthenium complex concentration is 40 nM. Addition of IgE displaces the ruthenium complex from the aptamer and decreases luminescence at 610 nm. Excitation wavelength = 450 nm.

Chiral ruthenium complexes, with luminescence characteristics indicative of binding modes, and stereoselectivities that may be tuned to the helix topology, may be useful molecular probes in solution for nucleic acid secondary structure36). 

The majority of ruthenium(II) compounds which have been observed to be luminescent are complexes of aromatic heterocyclic chelating ligands. Methods of synthesizing such complexes are reviewed and recommendations made (where considered possible) as to the best procedures. 

Models for the emitting excited state are reviewed, particularly with regard to the effects of molecular structure on excited state behavior. Data are tabulated for known emitting complexes. While a wide variety of luminescent ruthenium(II) complexes cannot be designed at present, some guidelines are beginning to emerge. 

In the future, more correlations should be made, which may eventually allow the design of compounds with predicted luminescent properties. Furthermore, we feel the Ferguson model will be widely accepted and may guide subsequent thinking in the design of efficient luminescent ruthenium(II) complexes. 

Ruthenium complexes have been applied successfully to the luminescent detection of proteins on blotting membranes like nitrocellulose [160]. The bipyridyl and phenanthroline complexes modified with aminoreactive NHS-ester or isothiocyanate groups are commercially available [161]. An even higher sensitivity and lower detection limit can be obtained by encapsulating... 

Luminescent ruthenium(II) polypyridine indole complexes such as [Ru (bpy)2(bpy-indole)]2+ (37) and their indole-free counterparts have been synthesised and characterised [77]. The ruthenium(II) indole complexes display typical MLCT (djt(Ru) tt (N N)) absorption bands, and intense and long-lived orange-red 3MLCT (djt(Ru) -> Ti (bpy-indolc)) luminescence upon visible-light irradiation in fluid solutions at 298 K and in alcohol glass at 77 K. In contrast to the rhenium(I) indole complexes, the indole moiety does not quench the emission of the ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes because the excited complexes are not sufficiently oxidising to initiate electron-transfer reactions. Emission titrations show that the luminescence intensities of the ruthenium(II) indole complexes are only increased by ca. 1.38- to... 

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