Luminescence excited candoluminescence

Depending on the excitation method used, luminescence techniques are divided into photoluminescence excited by photons, cathodoluminescence generated under the action of cathode rays, X-ray luminescence excited by X-rays, candoluminescence generated under the action of heat, and sonoluminescence excited by ultrasound. Emission generated under the action of a stream of ions from alkali metals in vaccum is called ionoluminescence radiation which atoms emit on optical excitation in plasma is known as atomic fluorescence chemiluminescence is the emission of radiation generated by the energy of chemical reactions, it does not require an external excitation source. The excitation source needed in each particular case is chosen on the basis of this classification. 

Energy Transfer Processes. Luminescence is a complex sequence of energy transfer processes. Figure 2 is a schematic of the most important of these for photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and candoluminescence. The ultimate source of energy is the excitation UV light, electron beam, ion beam, or radical recombination excitation. We are not concerned here about the triggered release of previously trapped energy such as occurs in thermoluminescence and triboluminescence. 

The intensity of the UV-excited band simply falls off with increasing temperature. The hydrogen radical recombination luminescence spectrum peaks at 40 C and then falls off rapidly. Nitrogen and water vapor radical recombination luminescence peaks near 320 C while the candoluminescent spectrum peaks at 178 C. 

The lunar transient events could be excited by protons in the solar wind but experiments with silicate minerals in proton beams show that the process is inefficient, quantum efficiencies from lxl0 4 to 1x10 , and given the concentration of protons in the solar wind the mechanism cannot account for the intensity of the observed luminescence (33). Another possibility is that neutral particles in the background solar wind or associated with disturbances on the sunfs surface provide the excitation source (34). This would be a process very similar if not identical to the candoluminescence and radical recombination luminescence observed in the laboratory. 

The optical luminescence exhibited by some of the rare earth complexes and ions in solids has been utilized for the detection and determination of the rare earths at the trace and ultratrace levels for many years (El Yashevich, 1953 Dieke, 1968 Sinha, 1966). To date, optical luminescence of the rare earth ions in solids has been excited by flames (candoluminescence) (Neunhoeffer, 1951 Sweet et al., 1970) by ultraviolet or visible radiation (photoluminescence or UVEOL) (Ankina Ozawa/snrf ]trp 1968 Poluektov et al., 1971 ) by... 

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