LPG liquefied petroleum

CNG, compressed natural gas, and LPG, liquefied petroleum gas, are also used as alternative fuels. 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Certain specific hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, and their mixtures, exist in the gaseous state under atmospheric ambient conditions but can be converted to the Hquid state under conditions of moderate pressure at ambient temperature. This is termed Hquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Liquefied petroleum gas (qv) is a refinery product and the individual constituents, or light ends (Table 4), are produced during a variety of refining operations. 

LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Petroleum gas stored or proeessed as a liquid in equilibrium with vapour by refrigeration or pressurization. The two LPGs in general use are eommereial propane and eommereial butane supplied to produet speeifieations, e.g. BS 4250. (These, or mixtures thereof, eomprise LPG for the purpose of the Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Regulations 1972.)... 

A major use of gas oil is as a fuel for diesel engines. Another important use is as a feedstock to cracking and hydrocracking units. Gases produced from these units are suitable sources for light olefins and LPG. Liquefied petroleum gas LPG may be used as a fuel, as a feedstock to... 

The overhead stream from the debutanizer or stabilizer is a mix of C, s and C4 s, usually referred to as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). It is rich in olefins, propylene, and butylene. These light olefins play an important role in the manufacture of reformulated gasoline (RFG). Depending on the refinery s configuration, the cat cracker s LPG is used in the following areas ... 

Propylene, like ethylene, is a colorless gas at room temperature. It is as flammable as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas or propane). In fact, propylene can be used as a. substitute or supplement to LPG. The fuel characteristics are nearly indistinguishable. However, the petrochemicals industry bids propylene away from the fuels market and gives it a much higher price than LPG. 

RF-A is industry-average gasoline RFG is California reformulated gasoline M85 is a mixture of 85% methanol, 15% gasoline, CNG = compressed natural gas LPG = liquefied petroleum gas. 

Composition of Some Industrial Steam Reforming Catalysts (NG = natural gas, HC = hydrocarbon, PR = prereforming, LPG = liquefied petroleum gas, SEC = secondary reforming)... 

Liquefied propane is marketed as a fuel for outlying areas where other fuels may not be readily available and for portable cook stoves. In this form, the propane may be marketed as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or mixed with butane and pentane, the latter also constituents of natural gas (1.7% and 0.6%, respectively), LPG also is transported via pipelines in certain areas. The heating value ofpure propane is 2520 Btu/ft3 (283 Calones/m3) butane 3260 Biu/fL3 (366 Calories/m3) and pentane 4025 Btu/ft3 (452 Calories/m3). Propane and the other liquefied gases are clean and appropriate for most heating purposes, making them very attractive where they are competitively priced. 

The calorific value of this gas is too high for direct use as town gas (470-500 Btu/standard cubic foot in the United Kingdom) and too low for SNG, However, by removing the CO> the calorific value is increased to about 870 Btu/standard cubic foot, which is useful for enriching lean gas (e.g. from an Imperial Chemical Industries (IC1) naphtha reformer) to town gas quality. Long has suggested that by enriching this gas with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) a satisfactory SNG may be obtained. 

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