High-resolution low-voltage

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has traditionally been the mainstay of morphological investigations of polyolefins [8], but recent developments in low voltage high-resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) [9] and the advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related near-field techniques [10] have challenged its dominance at the length scales of the order of 10 nm, characteristic of both microdeformation (cavitation, fibrils) and structural components of semicrystalline... 

White et al. (65) positively identified a variety of thiophenes in a Bevier seam coal extract. Using low-voltage high-resolution mass spectrometry they were able to observe low concentrations of compounds in the extract that had molecular formulae consistent with those of some thiols, sulfides and disulfides. It should be emphasized however, that no thiol, sulfide or disulfide was positively identified in the extract. 

The low-voltage, high-resolution mass spectra (LVHRMS) were obtained on a Kratos MS-50 high-resolution mass spectrometer interfaced to a Kratos DS-55 data system. The Rasa coal extract was vaporized directly into the ion source by a direct-insertion probe. Spectra were recorded at probe temperatures of 100°C, 200OC, 300°C, and 350°C. The instrument was scanned from 700 to 60 amu at a scan... 

The extract was analyzed by low-voltage, high-resolution mass spectrometry (LVHRMS). Low ionizing voltages were used to minimize fragmentation. 

Ta ble VI contains a portion of the low-voltage, high-resolution mass spectrometric information... 

Compared to TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suffers from lower resolution but its ease of use and ability to image surface features have made it the workhorse of microlithography. Indeed, easy access to SEMs in clean-room environments plays a large role in its choice by many researchers. Furthermore, developments in the past decade have made low-voltage, high-resolution... 

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