Los Angeles aqueduct system

Kneebone, P.E. and Hering, J.G. (2000) Behavior of arsenic and other redox-sensitive elements in Crowley Lake, CA a reservoir in the Los Angeles aqueduct system. Environmental Science and Technology, 34(20), 4307-12. 

D. Sequestration and Release of Arsenic in the Los Angeles Aqueduct System... 

The coupled biogeochemical cycling of iron and arsenic has also recently been studied in a system dominated by the addition of iron as an engineering practice.14 Since 1996, ferric chloride has been added as a coagulant to the Los Angeles Aqueduct in order to control the levels of naturally occurring arsenic that reach the water distribution system for the City of Los Angeles. The iron- and arsenic-rich floe formed by this process is deposited in North Haiwee Reservoir. Sediments and porewaters from this reservoir were examined to determine the extent to which arsenic and iron are remobilized in the sediments and to probe the speciation of arsenic in the solid phase and its possible effects on arsenic remobilization. 

The importance of the availability of Fe(III) oxyhydroxide as a sorbent and of the diagenetic alteration of this sorbent under changing environmental conditions on the mobility of arsenic is illustrated by the Los Angeles Aqueduct (LAA) system. 

PE Kneebone. Arsenic geochemistry in a geothermally impacted system The Los Angeles Aqueduct. PhD disseration, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 2000. 

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