Loop temperature differential, liquid

Differential-Pressure Cells. D/P cells have been used siicce.s.sfully in IIRE-1 and in loops as level transmitters. The variable lic uid leg is compared to a reference level maintained by condensation or liquid addition. Since the density of water is temperature-dependent, the temperature of the primary. system and the lines to the D/P cell must be known for accurate level measurement. 

The temperature distribution in the loop is measured with chromel-alumel thermocouples and two Pt-100 temperature sensors for reference measurements. Absolute pressure is measured at the top of the riser and at the inlet of the core. The liquid level in the steam dome is measured with a differential pressure sensor. The differential pressure over the friction settings of the individual channels is a measure for the flow distribution over the coolant channels and bypass channels. The total flow in the loop is measured at 2 different positions with electromagnetic flow meters. The void fraction at a given height can be measured with gamma transmission techniques. At a fixed height at the top of the riser the radial void distribution is measured with a wire-mesh sensor, which measures the conduction of the two-phase mixture on a two-dimensional grid. Furthermore, laser doppler anemometry is used to study the local liquid velocity in the core or in the riser. 

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