Longevity development history

An old-timer in the history of chemistry, the pinacol coupling, was first described nearly 140 years ago in a publication on the synthesis of pinacols. [la] Today this reaction is still a versatile tool for chemists. This longevity can be explained by the continuous development of improved reagents and by the intrinsic elegance of the method for the preparation of... 

Carbon resource development and acquisition as well as carbon flows vary in space and time. The rise and fall of civilizations throughout prehistory and history have been linked in some way to the control of these (and other) resources because food and fuel are so fundamental in human societies. The patterns of carbon control in the past per se have not, or possibly cannot, be determined. Present day (2004-2005) patterns of development and degree of wealth and poverty can be measured in various ways and there are important hnks with other attributes of society such as levels of education, health care, longevity, type of employment etc. 

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