Long-term prognosis stroke

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Long-term prognosis after transient ischemic attack and stroke... 

Preter M, Tzourio C, Ameri A et at (1996). Long-term prognosis in cerebral venous thrombosis follow-up of 77 patients. Stroke 27 243-246... 

Older patients have predominantly Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which shares with Type 1 the risk for retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, but carries a greater risk for macrovascular complications such as coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Many such patients have associated obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, compounding the risk of cardiovascular disease. The goals of treatment of DM in the elderly are to decrease symptoms related to hyperglycaemia and to prevent long-term complications. Treatment of type 2 DM can improve prognosis. In the UKPDS trial, sulphonylureas, insulin, and metformin were all associated with a reduction in diabetes-related... 

In the same way that data on the short-term risk of stroke following TIA are essential for informing the early management of patients, data on the medium-term (one to five years) and long-term (five years and beyond) prognosis are required to counsel patients and direct secondary prevention. 

The objective, clinical assessment of the stroke patient is important for therapeutic decisions and prognosis. The most valuable instrument during the acute stroke period is the NIH stroke scale, which is listed in Table 11.7. Two other commonly used clinical stroke scales to assess premorbid functioning or long-term functional recovery are the Modified Rankin Scale (Table 11.8) and the Barthel Index (Table 11.9). 

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