Long-chain alkylammonium

Certain long-chain alkylammonium salts, notably tricaprylmethyl-ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336-S) and tri-Ao-octylamine hydrochloride (TIOA) are liquids, sometimes referred to as liquid anion exchangers, which can form extractable ion pairs or aggregates with anionic metal complexes in the... 

It may be expected that other, highly structured solvents with a tri-dimensional network of strong hydrogen bonds, would also permit micelle formation by surfactants, but little evidence of such occurrences has been reported. On the other hand, surfactants in non-polar solvents, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons tend to form so-called inverted micelles, but these aggregate in a stepwise manner rather than all at once to a definite average size. In these inverted micelles, formed, e.g., by long-chain alkylammonium salts or dinonyl-naphthalene sulfonates, the hydrophilic heads are oriented towards the interior, the alkyl chains, tails, towards the exterior of the micelles (Shinoda 1978). Water and hydrophilic solutes may be solubilized in these inverted micelles in nonpolar solvents, such as hydrocarbons. 

T. Sato, M. Yamamoto, and H. Watanabe, The extraction of divalent manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and mercury from aqueous solutions by long-chain alkylammonium carboxylates. Proceedings of Int. Solv. Extr. Conf., 1980, paper 80-178. 

D. Garozzo, G. Gattuso, F. H. Kohnke, A. Notti, S. Pappalardo. M. F. Parisi, 1. Pisagatti, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Inclusion networks of a calix[5]arene-based exoditopic receptor and long-chain alkylammonium ions, Org. Lett., 2003, 5, 4025-4028. 

Electrostatic and steric stabilization are, in a sense, combined in the use of long-chain alkylammonium cations and surfactants, either in single-phase sols or in the reverse micelle synthesis of colloidal metals. 

Water-soluble PPEs 41 (Scheme 6.20) were investigated for appHcations in electroluminescent devices by Thiinemann [76,77]. The structure and processability of this polyelectrolyte were manipulated by complexation with long-chain alkylammonium cations. 

Primary alkyl amines, when exposed to acidic medium, protonate the amine function resulting in the formation of alkylammonium ions. Montmorillonite exchanged with long-chain alkylammonium ions can be dispersed in polymer matrix. 

Figure 6. Intercalation of long-chain alkylammonium (CnH2n+lNH3) into a V2O5 xerogel. Orientation of intercalated molecules depend on the lenght of the alkyl chain.

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