Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase

Fatty acid transport protein paralogues 1-6 FATP 1-6 Gene symbols SLC27A1-6 Solute carrier family 27A Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase VLCS... 

Venus Flytrap Module Very Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase Very Low-density Lipoprotein Vesicle... 

Herrmann, T., et al. Mouse fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) characterization of the gene and functional assessment as a very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Gene 2001, 270,... 

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activates fatty acids containing from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. 

A separate very long-chain-acyl-CoA synthetase is present in peroxisomes for the activation of very long-chain fatty acids, such as arachidonate (20 carbon atoms). These fatty acids are degraded exclusively in the peroxisomes. 

This enzyme [EC 6.2.1.15], also known as arachido-nateiCoA ligase, catalyzes the reaction of arachidonate with ATP and coenzyme A to generate arachidonyl-CoA, AMP, and pyrophosphate (or, diphosphate). The enzyme can also use 8,11,14-icosatrienoate as a substrate, but not the other long-chain fatty acids. It should be noted that this enzyme is not identical to long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [EC 6.2.1.3]. 

H Tomoda, K Igarashi, JC Cyong, S Omura. Evidence for an essential role of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase in animal cell proliferation. Inhibition of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase by triacsins caused inhibition ofRaji cell proliferation. JBiol Chem 266 4214-4219, 1991. 

Coleman, R.A., Lewin, T.M., Van Horn, C.G., Gonzalez-Baro, M.R. 2002. Do long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases regulate fatty acid entry into synthetic versus degradative pathways . / Nutr. 132, 2123-2126. 

Fatty acids of widely differing chain length can be activated, there being three acyl-CoA synthetase enzymes. One activates acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4) a second activates medium-chain-length fatty acids (C4-CJ2) a third activates long- and medium-chain-length fatty acids. The long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase occurs in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and is widespread in mammalian tissues. 

Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATPl) and long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ASCLl) were identified as components of a fatty acid transport system in expression cloning experiments, which specifically targeted cellular fatty acid uptake (15). As both FATP and ACSLl were selected in these experiments, it was suggested that fatty acid transport occurred by a coupled transport-activation (15). This mechanism was first shown to occur in gram-negative bacteria and is referred to as vectorial acylation (3). Six different isoforms of FATP have subsequently been identified experimentally in mice, rats, and humans (e.g., in mice, mmFATPl-6). 

Heinzer AK, Watkins PA, Lu IF, Kemp S, Moser AB, Li YY, MihaUk S, Powers JM, Smith KD. A very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to X-Unked adrenoleukodystrophy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2003 12 1145-1154. 

The gene expression profiles showed increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, such as the acyl-coA synthetase, which ligates CoA to a free fatty acid and thus catalyzes the precursor step to beta-oxidation, and three members of the long chain acyl CoA synthetase family (Acsll, Acsl4, and Acsl5) [35]. 

EC 6.2.1.1 Short-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS) EC 6.2.1.2 Medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase EC 6.2.1.3 Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [ACSL)... 

Brugger, R., Reichel, C., Garcia Alia, B., Brune, K., Yamamoto, T, Tegeder, I., Geissinger, G. Expression of rat liver long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and characterization of its role in the metaboUsm of R-ibu-profen and other fatty acid-like xenobiotics. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2001, 61, 651-656. 

Suzuki H, Kawarabayasi Y, Kondo J, Abe T, Nishikawa K, Kimura S, Hashimoto T, Yamamoto T. Structure and regulation of rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. J Biol Chem 1990 265 8681-5. 

Uchida Y, Kondo N, Orii T, Hashimoto T. Purification and properties of rat liver peroxisomal very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. J Biochem 1996 119 565-71. 

Fatty acyl CoA formation, like the phosphorylation of glucose, is a prerequisite to metabolism of the fatty acid in the cell (Fig. 23.3). The multiple locations of the long-chain acyl CoA synthetase reflects the location of different metabohc routes taken by fatty acyl CoA derivatives in the cell (e.g., triacylglycerol and phosphohpid synthesis... 

Acylation of Phospholipids - The esterification of long-chain, unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2-position could be explained by different enzyme activities such as specific long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases and CoA-dependent or CoA-independent transacylases.6-11 For example, a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase has been demonstrated in Isolated platelet membranes that is specific for arachidonate and other long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.6,7 Transfer of arachidonic acid between phospholipids has been observed by the action of CoA-dependent and CoA-independent transacylases. The CoA-dependent transacylases were demonstrated in lymphocytes,8 pancreatic acini9 and liver microsomes.10 A CoA-independent transacylase, recently observed in platelets, catalyzes the synthesis of arachidonoyl-plasmenyl-ethanolamine by acylation of lysoplasmenylethanolamine with arachidonic acid derived from phosphatidylcholine. 1... 

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