Lithium phase diagram

The sodium-lithium phase diagram has been redetermined over the entire composition range by a combination of resistance and thermal methods. Each method is particularly effective for specific parts of the diagram. Two liquid phases separate below the new consolute temperature 578 K and composition 63 mol% Li. The two-liquid immiscibility boundary extends from 10.1 to 97.0mol%Li at the monotectic temperature 443.90 K. The eutectic occurs at 3.0mol%Li and 365.25 K. Positive deviation from ideality is demonstrated for both sodium- and lithium-rich solutions. The tendency to separate into two immiscible liquids makes itself apparent above 578 K in the temperature coefficient of resistivity of these solutions. Above 623 K, dp/dT changes smoothly from sodium to lithium, but at 580—588 K the coefficient shows a maximum at ca. 68 mol% Li which is attributed to incipient immiscibility. A capillary method was... 

Elements from column III which have been studied for Li-ion anodes are essentially aluminum (Al) and gallium (Ga). Although the boron-lithium phase diagram shows several compounds [122], Li poorly reacts with B at room temperature [123]. Actually, B or rather Li-B alloys have been studied for application in the so-called thermal batteries, which are primary devices working at high temperature (350-450 °C) with molten salt electrolytes [124, 125]. 

Fig. 11 The magnesium-lithium phase diagram. Note the large extension of the p solid solution...

Okamoto H (2006) Gallium-Lithium phase diagram. J Phase Equilib Diff 27 200... 

In practice, for a ternary system, the decomposition voltage of the solid electrolyte may be readily measured with the help of a galvanic cell which makes use of the solid electrolyte under investigation and the adjacent equilibrium phase in the phase diagram as an electrode. A convenient technique is the formation of these phases electrochemically by decomposition of the electrolyte. The sample is polarized between a reversible electrode and an inert electrode such as Pt or Mo in the case of a lithium ion conductor, in the same direction as in polarization experiments. The... 

Two phase diagrams are available for lithium-copper systems. No intermetallic phases were found, but LiCu4 was later observed. Substantial solid solubility of lithium in copper approaching 20 at% at the melting point of Li has been observed. 

Numerous compounds are observed in the Li-Ag phase diagram. The alloys are heated under Ar and cast in mild steel crucibles for metallographic examination, with homogeneity achieved by remelting under vacuum. Similar procedures were employed in an earlier study, except that H2 was used in place of Ar. An Ar cover gas was also employed to prepare the brasslike yj phase in the Li-Ag system for structural study. The silver and lithium were melted together in an iron crucible for 15-30 s before cooling without quenching to minimize the loss of lithium-. ... 

In contrast to the lithium system, the Na-Zn phase diagram shows only NaZnl3 ... 

Following the seminal formulation of electrolytes based on carbonates by Tarascon and Guyomard, - a lot of effort had been made to modily those binary lithium ion electrolytes. Often, ternary, quaternary, and even higher order solvent systems were proposed, and the difficulty in constructing the phase diagrams for these systems increased dramatically... 

Lithium hydride, LiH, decomposes (under appropriate conditions of temperature and pressure) to solid Li and gaseous H2. Solid Li is a bcc crystal, while LiH has the NaCl structure. Constmct an ab initio phase diagram for LiH and Li as a function of temperature and H2 pressure. 

Of the various solid intermetallic lithium compounds which might be used in high temperature cells, the Li-Al system has been most studied. The Li-Al phase diagram is shown in Fig. 8.1. An a phase which consists... 

Fig. 8.3 The lithium—silicon phase diagram. (By permission of the Journal of the Electrochemical Society R.A. Sharma and R.N. Seefurth, 1976, 123, 1763.)...

Fig. 3. Phase diagram for solutions of poly-p-benzamide in dimethyl acetamide/lithium chloride I0). Polymer inherent viscosity 1.18...

Distillation. An azeotrope has been reported in the lithium-tritium phase diagram at 1000°C (Figure 13). 

Figure 21. Phase diagram of the complexes of 8 with lithium triflate (g = glassy, k = crystalline, S = smectic A, cub = cubic, col = columnar, i = isotropic).

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