Lithium ion clusters

Most other studies have indicated considerably more complex behavior. The rate data for reaction of 3-methyl-l-phenylbutanone with 5-butyllithium or n-butyllithium in cyclohexane can be fit to a mechanism involving product formation both through a complex of the ketone with alkyllithium aggregate and by reaction with dissociated alkyllithium. Evidence for the initial formation of a complex can be observed in the form of a shift in the carbonyl absorption band in the IR spectrum. Complex formation presumably involves a Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and lithium ions in the alkyllithium cluster. 

The second example concerns the lithium ion, either considered in a cluster of water molecules or in aqueous solution. The idealized solution at infinite dilution of a lithium ion (without counter-ion) predicts six molecules of water in the first solvation shell if one uses pair-wise 2-body interactions, but the same type of computation predicts four molecules of water when 3-body effects are included. The computations were performed at room temperature. We have performed cluster computations for the Li fTO), system, with n = 1,2,3,4,5 and 6, using a density functional program developed in our laboratory. When we compute the most stable configuration for the pentamer complex Li+( starting from the most stable config-... 

Li" ion enters the adjacent, face-sharing site. It is clear that, in these materials, Li ions do not move by means of isolated, random hops in the LISICONS there is clear evidence for clustering of lithium ions and indeed, migration may involve a process of continual reorganisation of the clusters (Bruce and Abrahams, 1991). 

As well as the cylindrical symmetry inherent in the above molecule, various clusters having spherical symmetry have also been formulated and can be nomenclated using spherical nomenclature. Figure 17 illustrates an organoiridium lithium ion recently in the news for the treatment of bipolar disorder [14], The Cartesian name for this cluster is ... 

Z. Chen, J. Liu, A. N. Jansen, G. GirishKumar, B. Casteel, K. Amine, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2010, 13, A39-A42. Lithium borate cluster seilts as redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells. 

C. M. lonica-Bousquet, D. Munoz-Rojas, W. J. Casteel, R. M. Pearlstein, G. GirishKumar, G. P. Pez, M. R. Palacm, J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 1479-1485. Polyfluorinated boron cluster-based salts A new electrolyte for application in Li4Ti50i2/LiMu204 rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 

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