Safety lithium-ion batteries

Wang Qing-song, et al. Lithium-ion Battery Safety Features and Thermal Model [J]. The China Security Science and Technology, 2005. 6 (3) 19-21. 

Park, G. Nakamura, H. Lee, Y. Yoshio, M., The importance role of additives for improved lithium ion battery safety, J. Power Sources 2009,189, 602-606. 

Lithium-ion Batteries, safety provides an overview of the safety considerations for Li-ion cells. Presently, Li-ion cells have a record of field failures or safety incident of one incident every ten million cells. The 18650 cell used in portable electronic applications contains sufficient energy to self-heat the cell to over 600°C. This does not include oxidation of the electrolyte solvent by the cathode oxide materials. AdiabaticaUy, including the electrolyte, the temperature is significantly higher. The causes of an incident include overcharge and heating from external sources. AU cells have safety devices such as PTC, CID, vents, and safety circuitry. An internal short is the most common trigger for a safety incident. 

Stringfellow R, Ofer D, Sriramulu S, Barnett B (2010) New liamework for lithium-ion battery safety. IMLB, Montreal, Canada, invited talk (TIAXLLC)... 

Park K-S, Im D, Benayad A, Dylla A, Stevenson KJ, Goodenough JB (2012) LiFe02-incorporated Li2Mo03 as a cathode additive for lithium-ion battery safety. Chem Mater 24 2673-2683... 

For separators used in lithium-ion batteries, safety is the priority since the organic electrolytes used are flammable, which is quite different from... 

The positive temperature coefficient (PTC) is also called polyswitch. This principle of operation is widely used in common rechargeable batteries to avoid too-high currents. If the current is too high, a large thermal amount will be produced, leading to elevated interior temperature and destruction of the battery. With lithium-ion batteries, safety is a priority, and PTC is necessary. 

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