Lithium, binding

Figure 16.24 (a) A generalized scheme for chemical sensing based on analyte-assisted aggregation of metallic nanoparticles and (b) molecular structure of a ligand used in lithium binding. (Adapted from Murphy et al. 1138])... 

It is not essential to have two anion-stabilizing groups for successful conjugate addition and it is even possible with simple alkali metal (Li, Na, and K) enolates. Lithium enolates are not ideal nucleophiles for thermodynamically controlled conjugate addition. Better results are often observed with sodium or potassium enolates, which are more dissociated and thus more likely to revert. Lithium binds strongly to... 

Instead of hydrous aluminum oxide, aluminum foils have very recently been proposed for the extraction of lithium from sea water. However, not the aluminium metal itself, but its corrosion product hydrous aluminum oxide formed in sea water on the metal surface was found to be the effective lithium binding agent15) thus, there seems to be no fundamental difference compared to the direct application of pure hydrous aluminum oxide. 

The synthesis of 16 starts using a lactate derivative and makes cunning use of a lithium-binding chain to achieve the selectivity required in producing intermediate 17.11 The even better catalyst 18 was prepared from the same key intermediate 17. 

One in every 1,000 people in the United States currently receives lithium, as Li2C03, for the treatment and prophylaxis of manic-depressive behavior. Doses of 250 mg to 2 g per day are administered in order to maintain a 0.5 to 2.0 mM concentration window, outside of which the drug is either toxic or ineffective. The detailed molecular mechanism by which Li ion brings about its remarkable chemotherapeutic effects is largely unknown, but there are various theories. One theory proposes that lithium binds to inositol phosphates, inhibiting their breakdown to inositol, and so reducing inositol-containing phospholipids. A consequence of this chain of events would be disruption of the neurotransmis-... 

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