Lithium atom, energy level diagram

Energy level diagrams for the easily excited atomic lines of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium. Wavelengths are given in nanometres for the spectral lines produced by transitions between the different levels. The ionization potential is indicated by the dashed line above the respective diagrams. 

The Selection Rule for L - The energy-level diagram for lithium as. shown in Figure 2-6 has been obtained by analysis of the spectrum of the lithium atom. Lines are observed in the spectrum of lithium corresponding to the transition from one of the states indicated in the diagram to another state. The lines that are observed in the spectrum do not represent all combinations of the energy levels, however, but... 

Note that all the superscripts for an atom must add up to the total number of electrons in the atom—1 for hydrogen, 3 for lithium, 11 for sodium, and so forth. Also note that the orbitals are not always listed in order of principal quantum number. The 4s orbital, for example, is lower in energy than the 3 dorbitals, as is indicated on the energy-level diagram of Figure 5-22. The 4s orbital, therefore, appears before the 3dorbitaI. 

Figure 24.8 Energy-level diagram for the lithium atom. Dashed lines are the corresponding leveisforthe hydrogen atom. Numbers on the transition lines arethe wavelengths in nanometres.

Figure 10.2. Partial energy-level diagrams for lithium, sodium, and potassium. Adapted from G. D. Christian and F. J. Feldman, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Applications in Agriculture, Biology, and Medicine, New York Wiley-Interscience, 1970, p 8, by permission of John Wiley and Sons.

FIGURE 2-6. Energy level diagram of the lithium atom. [From G. Herzberg, Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure, Dover Publications (1944). Used by permission of Dover Publications.]... 

Fig. 3. Energy level diagram for the lithium atom showing the wavelength in nm for a number of transitions. Note the transition at 671 nm is used in flame emission spectrometry.

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