Literal rule

Some of the rules used in some jurisdictions are the literal rule, the golden rule and the mischief rule. 

The nature of the change to performance-tested packaging is best illustrated with an example of a shipment of ethyl alcohol in a 55-gaUon (208 liter) steel drum. Under the old rules one could look up... 

A particular totalistic class of FA that have been found to support literally thousands of distinct solitons are called parity-rule FA (PFA), and are defined by... 

Just what do we mean when we say that something is complex To make it slightly easier, we should really be ask two separate questions. First, What is a complex system , followed by What is complex behavior While neither of these two questions is particularly easy to answer rigorously, the task is, conceptually at least, made easier if we use cellular automata as paradigms for both they not only constitute the prototypical complex dynamical system, but their behavior literally spans the spectrum from nuii-rule-like triviality to Conway s Lifo-rule-like computa tional universality the latter of which arguably represents as complex a behavior as is likely to be found anywhere. With this image in mind, let us address the above two questions. 

These selection rules are summarized in Table 30.4, thereby giving you the ability to predict the stereochemistry of literally thousands of pericyclic reactions. 

Were kinetics experiments carried out with HI as the source of I- and H+ ions, the rate would be proportional to the square of the analytical (formal) concentration, Chi-That is, the product [I ][H+] is equal to Chi2, since HI is a very strong acid in aqueous solution. Yet, were one to take this observation literally, not remembering the complete ionization of HI, the application of Rule 1 would have suggested a transition state containing the elements of two molecules of HI, not one. 

By definition, the mole fraction of NaCl in this solution is = 0 2 35 2 = 0.0036. (Note the number of significant figures [see Section 13.4] reported here taking the density of the solution as 1, and calculating the weight of water therefore as 1000 g would not have affected this calculation. The density correction could, therefore, have been omitted. Also, as a rule of thumb, 1 liter of water can be approximated as 55 mol F O.)... 

EPA sets rules for the amount of cyanide allowed in drinking water. The highest amount allowed is 200 micrograms of cyanide per liter of water (pg/L), EPA also sets limits for amounts... 

New domains and their boundaries have been defined manually from sequence alone for literally hundreds of protein domains. Finding regions of similarity between proteins allows detection of domains. However, defining the exact boundaries of the domain is often a more difficult problem. Certain rules can be used to find the maximum size of a domain from pairwise comparisons of proteins in a related family. 

The EPA sets rules for the amount of chloroform allowed in water. The EPA limit for total trihalomethanes, a class of chemicals that includes chloroform, in drinking water is 100 micrograms per liter (pg/L, 1 pg/L = 1 ppb in water). Furthermore, EPA requires that spills of 10 pounds or more of chloroform into the environment be reported to the National Response Center. 

There are literally hundreds of units commonly used in chemistry a few of them are listed in table 3.2, along with their recommended abbreviations. A more comprehensive listing is available in The ACS Style Guide. Some important rules about using numbers and units are summarized below ... 

For PRBs using zero-valent iron, the cost of the reactive media can be estimated based on a density of about 2.83 kg of media per meter and a cost of approximately 440 to 500 per ton. An installation cost between 2500 and 8000 per liter for each minute of treatment capacity is a rule-of-thumb for estimating capital cost. Because the elemental iron treatment wall is patented, a site licensing fee is often required. O M costs are generally estimated to range from 1.30 and 5.20 per 1000 liters of treated water (D16068I). Costs for several metal-based PRB deployments are given in Table 1. 

When a [drug addictl acts from a literally irresistible urge, he is undergoing a kind of physical process that is not reasons responsive, and it is this lack of reasons responsiveness of the actual physical process that rules out guidance control and moral responsibility. (Fischer 1994,174)... 

The results in Table 13.1 have been collected for colloids bearing both positive and negative surface charges. One of the earliest (1900) generalizations about the effect of added electrolyte is a result known as the Schulze-Hardy rule. This rule states that it is the valence of the ion of opposite charge to the colloid that has the principal effect on the stability of the colloid. The CCC value for a particular electrolyte is essentially determined by the valence of the counterion regardless of the nature of the ion with the same charge as the surface. The numbers listed in parentheses in Table 13.1 are the CCC values in moles per liter for counterions of the... 

Molecules that are not superimposable on their mirror images are termed dissymmetric. This term is used rather than asymmetric, since the latter means, literally, have no symmetry that is, it is applicable only to a molecule belonging to point group Cx. All asymmetric molecules are dissymmetric, but the converse is not true. Dissymmetric molecules can and often do possess some symmetry. It is possible to give a very simple, compact rule expressing the relation between molecular symmetry and dissymmetric character ... 

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