Liquid junction potential, Voltaic cells

Another proposed procedure of finding the ionic data is the application of a special salt bridge, which provides practically constant or negligible liquid junction potentials. The water-nitrobenzene system, containing tetraethylammonium picrate (TEAPi) in the partition equilibrium state, has been proposed as a convenient liquid junction bridge for the liquid voltaic and galvanic cells. 

The possibility of measuring a nonequilibrium liquid junction (diffusion) potential by using voltaic cells has been checked also ... 

As efficiencies of power conversion are begining to catch up those of dry photo-voltaics, several authors have claimed that economically viable liquid-junction cells which challenge solid-state cells will become feasible. An economic analysis based on standardized procedures was published recently . It is claimed that liquid-junction cells have already at the time being the potential to meet and exceed the goal required for 1986 by the U.S. National Photovoltaic Program of a cost of 50 per peak watt, cf. Ref. . 

---