Liquid filling types

There are three types of liquid content in a packed bed (/) in a submerged bed, there is liquid filling the larger channels, pores, and interstitial spaces (2) in a drained bed, there is liquid held by capillary action and surface tension at points of particle contact, or near-contact, as well as a zone saturated with liquid corresponding to a capillary height in the bed at the liquid discharge face of the cake and (5) essentially undrainable liquid exists within the body of each particle or in fine, deep pores without free access to the surface except perhaps by diffusion or compaction. 

Hydrocarbon distributions in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis on Ru, Co, and Fe catalysts often do not obey simple Flory kinetics. Flory plots are curved and the chain growth parameter a increases with increasing carbon number until it reaches an asymptotic value. a-Olefin/n-paraffin ratios on all three types of catalysts decrease asymptotically to zero as carbon number increases. These data are consistent with diffusion-enhanced readsorption of a-olefins within catalyst particles. Diffusion limitations within liquid-filled catalyst particles slow down the removal of a-olefins. This increases the residence time and the fugacity of a-olefins within catalyst pores, enhances their probability of readsorption and chain initiation, and leads to the formation of heavier and more paraffinic products. Structural catalyst properties, such as pellet size, porosity, and site density, and the kinetics of readsorption, chain termination and growth, determine the extent of a-olefin readsorption within catalyst particles and control FT selectivity. 

Description Liquid or gaseous ethylene is fed, together with a solvent and required comonomer(s) into a stirred, liquid-filled, vessel-type reactor (1). The reactor is operated adiabatically thus, the feed is precooled. All heat of reaction is used to raise polymerization temperature up to approximately 200°C. Hydrogen is used to control polymer molecular weight. A high-activity, proprietaiy catalyst is prepared onsite from commercially available components. Ethylene... 

All the major machine manufacturers have made machines that can fill capsules with liquids. There are two types of liquid fills formulations of non-aqueous solutions and suspensions and formulations that are liquefied only for the filling process by either heat or shear stress. If the formulation is mobile at ambient temperatures, then the capsules will need to be sealed after filling. 

The test tank, as shown in Fig. 2, is made of two flanged and dished 48 in. OD by l-in. wall, type-304 stainless steel ASME heads separated by a 7-in. long by -in. thick, type 304 stainless-steel cylindrical section. A 1 -in schedule-5S stainless steel neck tube was centered on one head for liquid fill, withdrawal, and instrumentation. This shape approximates that proposed for storage of fluids in space. Double curved surfaces provided an excellent test of the insulation-application technique. 

A drop-type impingement can also lead to purely mechanical damage and deformation on such parts where a liquid-filled gap, in this case between parts of a canned motor pump made of steel 1.4408, is submitted to transient stressing in the axial direction with simultaneous oscillating radial movement without contact between the metal surfaces. 

In summary, when both the liquid- and vapor-equilibrated transport modes occur in the membrane they are assumed to occur in parallel. In other words, there are two separate contiguous pathways through the membrane, one with liquid-filled channels and another that is a one-phase-type region with collapsed channels. To determine how much of the overall water flux is distributed between the two transport modes, the fraction of expanded channels is used. As a final note, at the limits of S = 1 and S = 0, Eqs. (5.17) and (5.18) or their effective property analogs collapse to the respective equations for the single transport mode, as expected. 

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