Liquid crystals transmission electron micrographs

Figures 9a-c represent transmission electron micrographs of different lyotropic liquid crystals after freeze fracture without etching. The layer structure of the lamellar mesophase including confocal domains, hexagonal arrangement of rodlike micelles within the hexagonal mesophase, as well as close-packed spherical micelles within the cubic liquid crystal can be clearly seen.

FIG. 11. Transmission electron micrographs of freeze fractured oily droplets dispersed (a) in a hexagonal and (b) in a cubic liquid crystalline phase, bar 100 nm. From Mueller-Goymann, C., Liquid crystals in emulsions, creams and gels, containing ethoxylated sterols as surfactant, Pharm. Res. 1 154-158 (1984). 

Fig. 9 Transmission electron micrographs of freeze fractured liquid crystals. (A) lamellar with confocal defects, bar 100 nm (B) hexagonal, bar lOOnm (C) cubic of type I, bar lOOnm (D) multilamellar vesicle consisting of dodecyl-PEG-23-ether, cholesterol and water, bar 200 nm (E) multivesicular vesicle, bar 1 pm. (A and B Adapted from Ref C Adapted from Ref. ° D Adapted from Refs. l)...

Strikingly clear visualizations of disclinations are found in transmission electron micrographs of replicas of solidified thermotropic polymer liquid crystals wherein the director field is mapped out by crystallite formation [49]. (Prolate nanoparticles when they are closely packed and floating on a liquid interface also exhibit... 

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