Liquid air products

The manufacturing plant occupies an area rectangular in shape 5,310 feet by 2,860 feet with the long dimension running north and south. With the exception of the liquid air production, the sequence of manufacture is from north to south. The raw materials limestone, coal and coke arc unloaded from a trestle at the north end of the manufacturing area and started into the process. All materials... 

Continuing this policy, the third volume presents a variety of subjects, such as magnetic phenomena, poisoning effects, geometrical theory in heterogeneous catalysis as well as subjects of immediate industrial importance such as studies of catalytic cracking and liquid air production. The editors hope that future discussions, comments, and criticism will continue to arrive at an undiminishing rate. 

The principal international producers and distributors of nitrogen are L Air Liquide S.A. (France), The BOC Group Pic (U.K.), Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (U.S.), and Praxair, Inc. (U.S.). There are many other smaller regional producers. 

Air Liquide Group (France) Air Products Chemicals) Aldrich Chemical Atofina Chemicals Atomergic Chemetals (France) BOC Gases (UK)... 

Suppliers Air Liquide America Corp., Air Products, BOC Gases, Praxair. 

Manufacture By distillation of liquid air, the same as nitrogen. Most oxygen is used captively, less than 20% of production being sold on the merchant market. 

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Liquid Phase Dimethyl Ether Demonstration in the LaPorte Alternative Fuels Development Unit., January 2001. 

Complex heterogeneous process (two immiscible liquids and decomposing solid) Air Products Chemicals Latshaw (1994)... 

For a first pass through the design, it is usually adequate, if process constraints permit, to set distillation pressure to as low a pressure above ambient as allows cooling water or air-cooling to be used in the condenser. If a total condenser is to be used, and a liquid top product taken, the pressure should be fixed such that ... 

Feed-Air Stream Liquid Membrane Product Stream... 

Air Products and Chemicals, available at http //www.airproducts.com/Products/Liquid-BulkGases/HydrogenEnergy/FuelCells/, 2003. 

It had been observed already that the radioactive minerals on heating give off Helium — a gaseous element, characterised by a particular yellow line in its spectium — and it seemed not unlikely that helium might be the ultimate decomposition product of the emanation. A research to settle this point was undertaken by Sir William Ramsay and Mr. Soddy, and a preliminary experiment having confirmed the above speculation, they carried out further very careful experiments. "The maximum amount of the emanation obtained from 50 milligrams of radium bromide was conveyed by means of oxygen into a U-tube cooled in liquid air, and the latter was then extracted by the pump." The spectrum... 

The original route from p-xylene was oxidation in the presence of nitric acid. But the use of nitric acid is always problematical. There are corrosion and potential explosion problems, problems of nitrogen contamination of the product, and problems due to the requirement to run the reactions at high temperatures. Just a lot of problems that all led to the development of the liquid air phase oxidation of p-xylene. Ironically the nitrogen contamination problem was the reason that the intermediate DMT route to polyester was developed, since that was easy to purify by distillation. Subsequently, DMT has secured a firm place in the processing scheme. 

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