Lipid remodeling

Lipid remodeling leads to the introduction and exchange of defined 34... 

Zavaleta-Pastor, M., Sohlenkamp, C., Gao, J.-L., Guan, Z., Zaheer, R., Finan, T.M., Raetz, C.R.H., Lopez-Lara, I.M., Geiger, O. Sinorhizobiummeliloti phospholipase C required for lipid remodeling during phosphorus limitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 (2010) 302-307. 

G. Sipos, F. Reggiori, C. Vionnet, and A. Conzelmann, Alternative lipid remodelling pathways for glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, EMBO. /., 16 (1997) 3494—3505. 

F. Reggiori, E. Canivenc-Gansel, and A. Conzelmann, Lipid remodeling leads to the introduction and exchange of defined ceramides on GPI proteins in the ER and Golgi of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, EMBOJ., 16 (1997) 3506-3518. 

Prior to protein attachment, the fatty acids of the GPI anchor may be replaced in a conversion process termed fatty acid remodeling [91]. Although myristate is the sole fatty acid component in mature trypanosome GPI anchors, earlier GPI intermediates contain more hydrophobic stearate fatty acids. These longer fatty acid chains are replaced by an alternating sequence of removal and replacement of a fatty acid from each position on the glycerol [91]. Lipid remodeling may not be unique to trypanosome GPI anchor biosynthesis since mature yeast GPI anchors contain ceramide, whereas an early yeast GPI intermediate has a diacylglycerol species [33]. 

Many signaling events are triggered in neutrophils by activation of the chemoattractant receptors, including G-protein activation, lipid remodeling, protein kinase activation, and calcium elevation. Extensive work has been done to delineate the signaling mechanisms activated by the N-formyl peptide receptor, although the story is still incomplete. These pathways are complicated with crosstalk and feedback, and the many components of migration may require coordination of multiple arms of... 

Haines, K.A., Kolasinski, S.L., Cronstein, B.N., Reibman, J., Gold, L.I. and Weissmann, G. (1993). Chemoattraction of neutrophils by substance P and transforming growth factor-pi is inadequately explained by current models of lipid remodeling./. Immunol. 151, 1491-1499. 

White blood cells GPCR G-protein activation, lipid remodeling, protein kinase activation, and Ca elevation 6... 

PA is a minor component of the ER membrane that accounts for less than 1% of total ER membrane lipids (Allan, 1996). Formed PA is rapidly consumed by the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP). In order to measure the formation of PA, the dynamics of PA formation and consumption has to be controlled. This is achieved by exploiting a unique transphosphatidylation reaction that is catalyzed by PLD enzymes. In this reaction, the aliphatic chain of a primary alcohol is transferred to the phosphatidyl moiety of the phosphatidic acid product. In the presence of low concentrations of primary alcohols, PLD enzymes generate phospha-tidylalcohols, which are not recognized by PAP and are not efficiently consumed (Morris et ah, 1997). Therefore the measurement of transphosphatidylation activity of PLD provides a convenient assay that avoids the otherwise highly dynamic nature of the lipid remodeling cascade induced by Sari to support COPII mediated ER export. 

Boumann, H.A., Damen, M.J., Versluis, C., Heck, A.J., de Kruijff, B. and de Kroon, A.I. (2003) The two biosynthetic rentes leading to phosphatidylcholine in yeast produce different sets of molecular species. Evidence for lipid remodeling. Biochemistry 42,3054-3059. 

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