Lipids, in soil

STEVENSON F.J. 1966. Lipids in soil. American Oil Chemists Society, 43, 203-210. 

CHAE Y.M. and LOWE L.E. 1980. Distribution of lipid sulphur and total lipids in soils of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 60, 633-640. 

CIPAHs, PBDEs, and PCDD/Fs in soil samples were in ng/g dry weight. For PCDD/Fs in human samples, pg WHO-TEQ1998/g lipid (World Health... 

The half-life of chlordane in water is comparatively short. m-Chlordane, for example, usually persists less than 18 h in solution. In soils, however, some chlordane isomers persist for 3 to 14 years because of low solubility in water, high solubility in lipids, and relatively low vapor pressure. There seems to be little accumulation of chlordane in crops grown in contaminated soils. 

PAHs are widely distributed in the environment as evidenced by their detection in sediments, soils, air, surface waters, and plant and animal tissues. However, the ecological impact of PAHs is uncertain. PAHs show little tendency for bioconcentration despite their high lipid solubility (Pucknat 1981), probably because most PAHs are rapidly metabolized. Sims and Overcash (1983) list a variety of research needs regarding PAHs in soil-plant systems. Specifically, research is needed to establish the rates of PAH decomposition in soils the soil PAH levels above which PAH constituents adversely affect the food chain and enhancement factors that increase degradation rates of PAHs, especially PAHs with more than three rings. Once these factors have been determined, PAH disposal into soils may become feasible at environmentally nonhazardous levels. 

The different groups of biomolecules, including fatty acids, triglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins (illustrated in Figure 4.9) decompose at different rates depending on their composition. Lipids and fats are slower to decompose in soil because of their insolubility in water. Large polysaccharides are also insoluble in water but are more quickly decomposed than fats. Proteins and compounds such as DNA and RNA are more quickly decomposed in part... 

Quenea, K., Largeau, C., Derenne, S., Spaccini, R., Bardoux, G., and Mariotti, A. (2006a). Molecular and isotopic study of lipids in particle size fractions of a sandy cultivated soil (Cestas cultivation sequence, southwest France) Sources, degradation, and comparison with Cestas forest soil. Org. Geochem. 37,20-44. 

Bacon, J. S. D. (1969). Soil Lipids. In Organic Geochemistry. Methods and Results, Murphy M. 

Figure 14.5. Fatty acids patterns of soils under long-term monoculture, (a) Lipid extract of soil under maize, unfertilized, after derivatization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide determined by conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in comparison to direct, in-source pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) without derivatization (Jandl et al., unpublished), (b) Py-FIMS of lipid extract of soil under rye, farmyard manure (FYM) treatment, compared to solid extraction residue, both directly measured without derivatization. Reprinted from Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., Dreves, A., et al. (2008). How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 91-110, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

Jandl, G., Leinweber, P., and Schulten, H.-R. (2007). Origin and fate of soil lipids in a Phaeo-zem under rye and maize monoculture in Central Germany. Biol. Fertil. Soils 43, 321-332. 

Nierop, K. G. J., Naafs, D. F. W., and Verstraten, J. M. (2003). Occurrence and distribution of ester-bound lipids in Dutch coastal dune soils along a pH gradient. Org. Geochem. 34, 719-729. 

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