Lipids digestion and

These agents are administered to aid in the digestion of food. The primary digestant preparations contain pancreatic enzymes or bile salts. Pancreatic enzymes such as amylase, trypsin, and lipase are responsible for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, respectively. These enzymes are normally synthesized in the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. Bile salts are synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the duodenum via the common bile duct. Bile salts serve to emulsify lipids in the intestinal tract and are important in lipid digestion and absorption. 

Understand the mechanisms involved in lipid digestion and absorption, including bile salt metabolism. 

This could include retinol, cholecalciferol/ergocalciferol, a-tocopherol, vitamin K from food, all of which are more readily absorbed when they can be part of a normal mixed micelle process that occurs with lipid digestion and absorption... 

The degree of dispersion of a lipid-based delivery system appears to have the most marked effect on the bioavailability of a co-administered drug, and this has stimulated many of the most recent articles in the literature. Clearly, by decreasing the particle size of a dispersed formulation, the surface area available for lipid digestion and drug release or transfer is enhanced. In this regard, the bioavailability of griseofulvin [32, 33], phenytoin [23], penclomedine [30], dana-zol [34], REV 5901 [35], and, more recently, ontazolast [36] has been shown to be enhanced after administration in an emulsion formulation compared with a tablet, aqueous solution, or suspension formulation. It is not clear in these cases how much more efficient the emulsion formulation would have been compared with a simple lipid solution. 

Based on data on PAHs, absorption of PAH components of coal tar products after oral exposure may be positively influenced by the presence of oils and fats in the stomach, and bile in the intestines (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1995). Due to relative water insolubility of PAHs, absorption is enhanced by solubilization in an intermediate phase than can be metabolized during the process of lipid digestion and absorption. Excretion after oral exposure may be detected hours to days after exposure. 

Collection of duodenal contents through a duodenal tube after feeding a test meal containing a non-absorbable marker is a commonly used technique for studies of lipid digestion and absorption in man [55]. Using a multilumen tube, Simmonds et al. [56] were able to study in detail in man the absorption kinetics of cholesterol from a micellar solution. 

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