Lipid mediators, Generation

Grimminger F, Sibelius U, Aktories K, ef al. (1991a) Inhibition of cytoskeletal rearrangement of botulinum C2 toxin amplifies ligand-evoked lipid mediator generation in human neutrophils. In Mol Pharmacol. 40 563—71... 

The maresins (MaR) are lipid mediators generated from DHA in macrophages and have beneficial actions by enhancing resolution. The name maresin was coined to indicate that they are macrophage mediators that raolve inflammation [20]. 

Protein kinase C (PKC) is an enzyme family whose members are activated by agonists that cause receptor-mediated generation of lipid second messengers. The activated enzymes transduce information from such agonists by phosphorylating relevant downstream substrates. 

Figure 8.9 Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are potent eicosanoid lipid mediators, derived from phospholipase-released arachidonic acids, that are involved in numerous homeostatic biological functions and inflammation. They are generated by cyclooxygenase isozymes and 5-lipoxygenase, respectively, and their biosynthesis and pharmacological actions are inhibited by clinically relevant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Farooqui A. A. and Florrocks L. A. (2006a). Phospholipase A2-generated lipid mediators in the brain the good, the bad, and the ugly. Neuroscientist 12 245-260. 

Fourcade O, Simon MF, Viode C, Rugani N, Ldialle F, Ragab A, Foumie B, Sarda L, and Chap R (1995). Secretory phospholipase A2 generates the novel lipid mediator lysophoqihatidic add in membrane microvesicles shed fimn activated cells. CelL 80,919-827. 

Generation of lipid mediators. Ca -dependent phospholipase activation has been shown to stimulate synthesis of lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. The production of these lipid mediators can provoke both short- and long-range effects on bystander cells (e.g. (Bhakdi eta/., 1994 Suttorp efal., 1985 Suttorp eta/., 1992). 

Complex interactions and displacements of the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids take place in plasma and cellular lipids after dietary manipulations. Early steps of cell activation, such as generation of inositol phosphates, are induced by dietary fatty acids (Galli et al., 1989). The effects of dietary fatty acids on the inositol phosphate pathway indicate that diet-induced modifications of PUFA at the cellular level affect the activity of the enzymes responsible for the generation of lipid mediators in addition to the formation of products (eicosanoids) directly derived from their fatty acid precursors. This shows that dietary fats affect key processes in cell function. 

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