Linoleic acid enrichment

Ip, C., Banni, S., Angioni, E., Carta, G., McGinley, J., Thompson, H.J., Barbano, D., Bauman, D.E. 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid-enriched butter fat alters mammary gland morphogenesis and reduces cancer risk in rats. J. Nutr. 129, 2135-2142. 

Stanton, C., Murphy, J., McGrath, E., Devery, R. 2003. Animal feeding strategies for conjugated linoleic acid enrichment of milk. In Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Vol. 2 (J.-L. Sebedio, W.W. Christie, R.O. Adlof, eds.), pp. 123-145, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. 

There, also, is interest in dietary monounsaturated fatty acids because of their possible protective effect against oxidation of LDL cholesterol (101). There is appreciable evidence that the uptake of LDL cholesterol and the formation of fatty streaks in the intima of large blood vessels, which is considered an early lesion of atherosclerosis, is enhanced by the oxidation of the LDL cholesterol (102, 103). LDL cholesterol was found to be appreciably more stable to oxidation when subjects were fed diets rich in oleic acid than when fed linoleic acid enriched diets (104-106). 

Bell, J.A., and Kerinelly, J.J. (2001). Conjugated Linoleic Acid enriched milk A designer milk with potential. Adv. Dairy Technol. 13, 213-228. 

D. Bauman, Conjugated Linoleic Acid-enriched Butter Fat Alters Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Reduces Cancer Risk in Rats,/. Nutr. 129 2135 - 2142 (1999). 

Adlof, R.O., Menzel, A., and Dorovska-Taran, V. (2002) Analysis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Enriched Triacylglycerol Mixtures by Isocratic Silver-Ion HPLC, J. Chromatogr. A. 953, 293-291. 

Animal Feeding Strategies for Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enrichment of Milk... 

A. Household margarine Standard product Vegetable margarine Linoleic acid enriched margarine... 

Aydin, R. and Cook, M.E., The influence of conjugated linoleic acid enriched tallow on egg hatchabiUty and quality in chicken, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4, 536-542, 2005. 

Recent studies on the Incorporation of linoleic acid into triacylglycerols in developing sunflower and safflower seeds revealed a new cycle in which the transfer of oleic to linoleic acid between CoA and phosphatidylcholine, and the interconversion of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol results in linoleic acid enrichment of the triacylglycerols (Stymne and Stobart, 1985) (Fig. 2). If this system were operational in sunflower the high oleic strains could result from either inefficient transfer of oleic and linoleic acids between CoA and phosphatidylcholine, or the interconversion of diacylglycerol with phosphatidylcholine. 

Fig. 2. Linoleic acid enrichment cycle. Oleic acid is transferred from CoA to the 2 position of phosphatidylcholine, coverted tq linoleic acid and transferred back to CoA for incorporation into glycerol-3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate gives rise to phasphatidic acid, dlacylglycoerol and triacylglycerol. Equilibriums between oleic and linoleic acid transfer, and diacylglycerol to phosphatidylcholine intercoversion, results in linoleic acid enrichment (from Stobart and Stymne, 1985).

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