Lindquist metalates

Lindquist, L. 1993. Individual and interspecific variation in metal concentrations in five species of bumblebees (Hymenoptera Apidae). Environ. Entomol. 22 1355-1357. 

Scheibel T, Parthasarathy R, Sawicki G, Lin X-M, Jaeger H, Lindquist SL. Conducting nanowires built by controlled self-assembly of amyloid fibers and selective metal deposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003 100 4527-4532. 

The monomer species, M, has been described by Kraus (31) as an ion pair. Although he did not elaborate on its possible structure, one may assume that he pictured this species as two ammoniated ions held together by electrostatic forces. Douthit and Dye (12) pointed out that such a picture is consistent with the absorption spectra of sodium-ammonia solutions. Becker, Lindquist, and Alder (2) proposed an expanded metal model in which an electron was assumed to circulate in an expanded orbital on the protons of the coordinated ammonia molecules of an M + ion. The latter model is difficult to reconcile with optical, volumetric, and NMR data (16). 

The dimer species, M2, was described by Huster (21) as a simple dissolved diatomic molecule. Such a species would be very unstable with respect to the ammoniated species, M + and e and may be ruled out by thermochemical data. The expanded metal dimer model of Becker, Lindquist, and Alder, in which two ammoniated metal ions are held together by a pair of electrons in a molecular orbital located principally between the two ions, is just as difficult to reconcile with optical, volumetric, and NMR data as the expanded metal monomer. In order to account for the similar absorption spectra of e, M, M2 (and any other species such as M or M4 that might exist at moderate concentrations of metal), Gold, Jolly, and Pitzer (16) assumed that species such as M and M2 consist of ionic aggregates in which the ammoniated electrons remain essentially unchanged from their state at infinite dilution. 

Knight shifts for the metal nucleus in metal-ammonia solutions are not interpretable in terms of the two equilibria of the Becker, Lindquist, and Alder Model, but can be accommodated by an equilibrium of the type ... 

A totally different view was proposed by Becker, Lindquist, and Alder (2) who considered the electron to be trapped at a solvated cation site in which the solvated metal cation has its valence electron localized on the protons of the ammonia molecules of the innermost solvation layer. This species, with its valence electron in a sort of enlarged Rydberg orbital, may then dissociate or undergo dimerization. 

Vayssieres, L., Keis, K., Lindquist, S. E., and Hagfeldt, A. (2001). Purpose-built anisotropic metal oxide material 3D highly oriented microrod array of ZnO.y. Phys. Chem. B 105 3550-3552. 

Metham is very readily soluble in water, while the solid compound and its dilute aqueous solution decompose rapidly, a 20-40% solution is stable (Dorman and Lindquist, I95S), hence it is available on the market as a 32.7% solution. The decomposition of the compounds is enhanced by heavy metals, acids and the soil. During the decomposition of metham toxic gaseous methyl isothiocyanate is formed, and this exerts the biological action (Read et al., 1961). 

L. Vayssieres, A. Hagfeldt, and S. E. Lindquist. Purpose-built metal oxide nanomaterials. The emergence of a new generation of smart materials. Pure Appl. Chem., 72 47-52, 2000... 

The properties of the capacitors that are used as discrete elements of electronic circuits will be described in the following sections (RIFA, 1990/91 Lindquist, 1977). Most of these capacitors are obtained by making contacts with a system of metal plates separated by a dielectric material. 

Lindqvist P, Ostlund-Lindquist A, Witztum JL, et al. The role of LpL in the metallism of TG-rich lipoproteins by macrophages. J Biol Chem 1983 258 9086-9092. 

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