Lindane metabolism

Chadwick RW, Chadwick CJ, Freal JJ, et al. 1977. Comparative enzymes induction and lindane metabolism in rats pre-treated with various organochlorine pesticides. Xenobiotica 7(4) 235-246. 

Steinwandter, H. Experiments on lindane metabolism in plants III. Formation of p-HCH, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 20(4) 535-536, 1978. 

Organochlorine insecticides are also well-known inducers. Treatment of rats with either DDT or chlordane, for example, will decrease hexobarbital sleeping time and offer protection from the toxic effect of warfarin. Persons exposed to DDT and lindane metabolized antipyrine twice as fast as a group not exposed, whereas those exposed to DDT alone had a reduced half-life for phenylbutazone and increased excretion of 6-hydroxy cortisol. 

Chadwick, R.W., L.T. Chuang, and K. Williams (1975). Dehydrogenation A previously unreported pathway of lindane metabolism in mammals. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 5, 575-586. 

Lindane metabolism has been studied in whole plants and cell cultures of numerous species (51). Metabolism of Cl-lindane (0-6.82) and release of °C1 from suspension cultures occurred dinring... 

F., Williams, K. and Chuang, L. T. (1978). Effect of acute and chronic Cd exposure on lindane metabolism. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 301-316. 

Lindane metabolism in urine Chlorophenols Silufol /I-C6H 4-CtH6- EtOAc (6 4 1) AgN03/Mc2CO UV Adsorption l-D 57 Sensitivity 1 ppm (combined GC/TLC)... 

R. Engst, R. M. Macholz, M. Kujawa, H.-J. Lewerenz, and R. Plass. The metabolism of lindane and its metabolites gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene, pentachlorobenzene, and pentachlorophenol in rats and the pathways of lindane metabolism, /. Environ. Sci. Health Bull. 2, 95-117 (1976). 

Although there are a great number of papers dealing with free existing metabolites, only a few papers will be found in which the conjugates (e.g., with mercapto compounds) were investigated (Kurihara 1973, Kurihara and Nakajima 1974, Kurihara et al. 1977 a, Stein et at 1977, Tanaka et al. 1976). Most papers dealt only with organic-solvent extractable metabolites. We have little information on water-soluble metabolites therefore, steps of lindane metabolism known to be main pathways remain further obscure. 

Stein et al. (1977) also discussed 2,3,4,6-TeCP formation from HCH. They start from the confirmation of dehydrogenation as a pathway of lindane metabolism (Chadwick et al. 1975). The occurrence of HCB and HCCH as metabolites of lindane formed by dehydrogenation was partially noticed earlier (see Engst et al. 1977 c.) The enzyme system catalyzing this reaction was foimd to be localized in microsomes of rat liver requiring molecular oxygen and a NADPH generating system. 

The discussion on the importance of the lindane metabolite gamma-PCCH in warm-blooded organisms continues. All published schemes of lindane metabolism, however, include gamma-PCCH even if authors have not been able to identify this metabolite (see in Engst et al. 1977 b. Figs. 2 and 5). Gamma-PCCH formation by microbes and in plants is a frequently confirmed fact. The importance of PCCH as a key metabolite of HCH was supported by considerations of Tanaka et al. (1977), Figure 5 and 6. 

After preparation of the first review in 1976 more than 47 papers have completed the knowledge of the lindane metabolism. The knowledge of the importance of polychlorocyclohexenes and polychlorocyclohexenols has been remarkably enlarged. The oxidative transformations of HCH could be explained by theoretical considerations. 

Effect of dietary lipid and dimethylsulfoxid on lindane metabolism. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 39, 391 (1977 a). 

Recent state of lindane metabolism. Residue Reviews 68, 59 (1977 b). 

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