Limits cations

Fasbender, A., Zabner, J., Zeiher, B.G. and Welsh, M.J. (1997) A low rate of cell proliferation and reduced DNA limit cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer to primary cultures of ciliated human airway epithelia. Gene Ther., 4, 1173-1180. 

Dihydroxacephenone (DHAP) Mixed with diammonium hydrogen citrate to limit cation adduction, offers improved ionization of sialylated glycopeptides with limited in-source fragmentation compared to DHB and HCCA36... 

Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) THAP can be used for the analysis of oligosaccharides and can offer improved sensitivity for detection of acidic glycopeptides over HCCA.37 Ionization with THAP can be improved with the addition of di-ammonium hydrogencitrate to limit cation adduction... 

Fluoride Complexes. Fluoride is known to complex plutonium strongly, but quantitative data on these environmentally important complexes are limited. Cation exchange studies (17) yielded values of 4.5 X 10 at I = 1 M and 7.9 X 10 at I = 2 M for -the stability constant of the monofluoro complex of plutonium(IV), which are in satisfactory agreement with the value 1.2 X 10 obtained from... 

The most important effect of the repulsion between anions is to limit cation coordination numbers. Strongly bonding cations tend to surround themselves with as many ligands as they can fit into their coordination sphere, but the closeness with which two ligands can approach will depend on the valences of the bonds to their common cation, the stronger these bonds, the closer the... 

Aluminmn s sulfide salt shows a high degree of solubility, so no precipitation occurs. But at the low pH of the test solution, where the concentration of the sulfate ion is very limited, cations with very small solubility products, e.g., lead sulfide, will precipitate. 

Hellmuth (1953) developed the first commercial process, for esterification and ester hydrolysis over Wofatit, phenolsulphonic acid-formaldehyde condensation polymers, in the 1940s in the context of the German war effort. Kemp (1972) describe an approach to reduce the amount of byproduct produced in an esterification reaction, in which isobutene was esterified with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a macroporous, acidic cation-exchange resin having a limited cation-exchange capacity (0.4-0.5 meq/g, compared with the usual 4-6 meq/g for fully functionalized microporous cation-exchange resins). 

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