Limitations of Solid Electrolytes Application in Gas Sensors

Source Data from Zhuiykov and Miura (2007), Satsuma et al. (2011), etc. 

Poor ionic conductor, incompatible with perovskite-type cathode materials (e.g., Sr-doped LaM03 (M = Mn, Co) at elevated temperatures and long period of operation time 

Not stable in the low-oxygen partial pressure, poor mechanical stability, large grain boundary resistance at lower temperature 

Not stable at low-oxygen partial pressures, forms carbonates in CO and CO atmospheres, Ga evaporates in atmosphere, incompatible with Ni anode at elevated temperatrrres 

Not stable at low-oxygen partial pressures, poor ionic conductor at low temperature, shows first-order phase transition accompanied by structural change, degradation in CO atmosphere with the formation of BaCO  

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