Lily of the valley, Convallaria

Following this work, Reichstein and coworkers15 effected the first partial synthesis of a naturally occurring cardenolide, convallatoxin. Convalla-toxin [3/3-0-(6-deoxy-a-n-mannopyranosyl) strophanthidin (9)] is considered to be the most potent of all the known, naturally occurring cardenolides, and is obtained from the blossoms of the lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis). The coupling of strophanthidin (2) with 2,3,4-tri-0- acetyl-6-deoxy-a- L-mannosyl bromide was performed using silver car-... 

The dried roots and tops of lily of the valley, Convallaria majalis (Liliaceae/Convallariaceae), contain cardioactive glycosides (0.2-0.3%) and are used in some European countries rather than digitalis. The effects are similar, but the drug is less cumulative. This plant is widely cultivated as an ornamental, particularly for its intensely perfumed small white flowers, and must be considered potentially toxic. The major glycoside (40-50%) is convallatoxin (Figure 5.98), the rhamnoside of strophanthidin. 

Cardiovascular, e.g. from foxglove (Digitalis), mistletoe (Viscum album)) and lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria) which contain cardiac glycosides that cause vomiting, diarrhoea and cardiac arrhythmia. 

Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis Cardioactive glycosides in root, flowers, leaves Bradycardia, A-V block Water from the cut flowers also toxic... 

Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis Cardiac toxicity... 

Fragrant lilies-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis) scent springtime air with small, white, dangling bell-shaped flowers carried on stalks above 6" long, pointed green leaves. Attractive but poisonous red berries follow the blossoms. Lily-of-the-valley spreads by thick rhizomes. Purple shoots appear in April, followed by buds. 

Lily-of-the-valley. Convallaria Linden, Tilia Lobelia, Lobelia... 

Haugen S, Bryne E, and Falke M (2001) Grade I-II atrioventricular block following lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) intake A report of three cases. Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 39(3) 303. 

LILY OF THE VALLEY, Convallariae herba, consists of the dried aerial parts of Convallaria, majalis, (L.), family Convallariaceae, collected when the flowers are beginning to open, and contains 0.2-... 

LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY Convallaria, majalis, L., Family Convallariaceae, contains about 20 cardiac glycosides the highest concentration occurs in flowers and berries, less in leaves and rhizome. Children have been intoxicated when they have eaten the red berries. After a latent period the symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and possibly cardiac irregularities. The suggested use of Lily of the Valley flowers in salads is highly dangerous. 

Convaltariae herba Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis L. C onvailariaceae DAB 10, CAB 90, MD... 

Atkinson, K.J., D.M. Fine, T.J. Evans, and S. Khan. 2008. Suspected lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) toxicosis in a dog. /. Vet. Emer. Crit. Care 18(4) 399-403. 

Krenzelok, E.P., T.D. Jacobsen, and J.M. Aronis. 1996. Lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis exposures Are the outcomes consistent with the reputation 1996 Annual Meeting of the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, Portland, Oregon, USA, October 10-15, 1996. /. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 34(5) 601. 

The rhodium-catalysed enantioselective double bond migration has found further interesting appiications apart from menthol synthesis. (/ )-7-Hydroxydlhydrocitronellal, which provides the scent in lily of the valley Convallaria majalis) is accessible in this way. When combined with an enantioselective hydrogenation, this catalyst can also be used to build up the side-chain of a-tocopherol (Vitamin E). 

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