Lignite mining, Germany

Background and methods. This paper reports on an outcrop study of clay smears in synsedimentary normal faults that were exposed in the open-cast lignite mines at Frechen near Cologne, Germany. The observations made are interpreted in terms of a mechanism of clay smear emplacement. 

The open-cast lignite mines near Frechen (west of Cologne in Germany) provide an excellent location for studying well exposed normal faults, which had been brought to our attention by J. Haremboure (pers. 

Table 8.1. Output of brown coal and the number of active surface mines in the two lignite mining districts of the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany) between 1963 and 1993 (after Mobs and Maul 1994)...

Montan Wax. Montan wax [8002-53-7] is derived by solvent extraction of lignite (qv). The earliest production on a commercial scale was in Germany during the latter half of the nineteenth century, and Germany continues to supply the majority of the world s production of montan wax. Montan wax production at Amsdorf is part of a massive coal-mining operation from a continuous vein and raw material is expected to last for decades. Montan wax is also produced in the United States. Imports of montan wax into the United States for the years 1990—1995 are Hsted in Table 1. Germany suppHes over 80% of the montan wax imported into the United States (3). 

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