Lignite definition

Physical Properties. Physical properties of waste as fuels are defined in accordance with the specific materials under consideration. The greatest degree of definition exists for wood and related biofuels. The least degree of definition exists for MSW, related RDF products, and the broad array of ha2ardous wastes. Table 3 compares the physical property data of some representative combustible wastes with the traditional fossil fuel bituminous coal. The soHd organic wastes typically have specific gravities or bulk densities much lower than those associated with coal and lignite. 

In 1924, Waterman and Kortlandt ( ) observed that semicoke obtained from lignite was liquefied more rapidly if there was an overpressure of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide. Fischer and Schrader ( ) observed that sodium formate in large amounts facilitated the liquefaction of various materials including peat and cellulose at 400 C. The effect of formate or carbon monoxide on the rate of biomass liquefaction was reported in 1960 by Appell, Wender, and Miller ( ) working at the Bureau of Mines in Pittsburgh. In a series of publications (36-40), these and other workers at the Bureau of Mines showed a definite effect of carbon monoxide on the alkaline liquefaction of biomass. 

CAS 8002-53-7 EINECS/ELINCS 232-313-5 Synonyms Lignite wax Montan cera Waxes, montan Definition Wax obtained by solvent extraction of lignite Properties Dark brown lumps or wh. hard earth wax sol. in CCI, benzene, chloroform, hot petrol, ether insol. in water m.p. 80-90 C acid no. 32-48 sapon. no. 88-112 Toxicology TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Thus, concepts of coal structure must also satisfy any of the relevant data from the variety of chemical manipulations of coal that have been described in a previous section and add positive knowledge about the nature of coal. In addition, a consensus of the aromaticity values reported would be that there appears to be a definite increase with rank. The values reported range from 40% to 50% for low-rank lignite and subbituminous coals to nearly 100% for anthracites. 

Berke [14] attempted to confirm the presence of U02(am) in rock samples from the Lower Toki Lignite-bearing Formation using a variety of mineralogical techniques. The selected samples were not from the Tono Uranium Deposit, but they did have U concentrations above background levels. Berke [14] found that U deposition is associated with fine-grained, poorly crystalline matrix minerals, either as poorly crystalline or amorphous U minerals or sorbed onto other non-U phases such as Ti-oxides. A definite conclusion regarding the crystalline or amorphous nature of any U minerals in these samples could not be made due to the poor crystallinity of the matrix. 

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